Döhner Katinka, Nagel Claus-Henning, Sodeik Beate
Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, D-30623 Hannover, Germany.
Trends Microbiol. 2005 Jul;13(7):320-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2005.05.010.
Incoming viral particles move from the cell surface to sites of viral transcription and replication. By contrast, during assembly and egress, subviral nucleoprotein complexes and virions travel back to the plasma membrane. Because diffusion of large molecules is severely restricted in the cytoplasm, viruses use ATP-hydrolyzing molecular motors of the host for propelling along the microtubules, which are the intracellular highways. Recent studies have revealed that, besides travelling inside endocytic or exocytic vesicles, viral proteins interact directly with dynein or kinesin motors. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cytoplasmic viral transport will aid in the construction of viral vectors for human gene therapy and the search for new antiviral targets.
进入的病毒颗粒从细胞表面移动到病毒转录和复制位点。相比之下，在组装和释放过程中，亚病毒核蛋白复合物和病毒体返回质膜。由于大分子在细胞质中的扩散受到严重限制，病毒利用宿主的ATP水解分子马达沿着作为细胞内高速公路的微管推进。最近的研究表明，除了在内吞或外排小泡内移动外，病毒蛋白还直接与动力蛋白或驱动蛋白马达相互作用。了解细胞质病毒运输的分子机制将有助于构建用于人类基因治疗的病毒载体，并有助于寻找新的抗病毒靶点。
