Henry Kimberly L, Slater Michael D, Oetting Eugene R
Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, 910 28th Street, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 2005 Mar;66(2):275-83. doi: 10.15288/jsa.2005.66.275.
Friends' substance use, sensation seeking and low perceived harm are well-established risk factors for substance use, but they are often treated as stable factors that affect adolescents' likelihood of substance use. This study instead explores the effects of changes in risk factors for individual adolescents.
Participants in this study were 1,065 male and female students. The students were in sixth or seventh grade at the initial survey and provided survey data on three additional occasions over a period of 2 years. Random-coefficient models were used to assess the intraindividual variability of friends' alcohol use, perceived harm, and risk taking and their effect on alcohol use.
As expected, the overall number of alcohol-using friends is correlated with a student's own alcohol use. In addition, there is a dynamic relationship within student; as friends' alcohol use changes over time, it is accompanied by parallel changes in alcohol use by the individual. Two moderating variables of the effect of friends' use of alcohol were validated: perceived harm of alcohol use and risk taking. The effect of increased exposure to alcohol-using friends is more robust during times when an adolescent also has become less likely to perceive the harmful effects of alcohol use or when an adolescent indicates increased interest in risk-taking behavior.
Although friends' use of alcohol is a salient predictor of an adolescent's own use of alcohol, some types of students are more likely than others to be influenced by friends' behavior, In particular, students' perception of harm and predisposition to risk taking are important moderators of the effect of friends' influence.
朋友的物质使用、寻求刺激和低感知危害是公认的物质使用风险因素，但它们通常被视为影响青少年物质使用可能性的稳定因素。本研究转而探讨个体青少年风险因素变化的影响。
本研究的参与者为1065名男女学生。这些学生在初次调查时为六年级或七年级，并在2年的时间里另外提供了3次调查数据。随机系数模型用于评估朋友饮酒、感知危害和冒险行为的个体内变异性及其对饮酒的影响。
正如预期的那样，饮酒朋友的总数与学生自己的饮酒情况相关。此外，学生内部存在动态关系；随着朋友饮酒情况随时间变化，个体的饮酒情况也会随之发生平行变化。验证了两个调节朋友饮酒影响的变量：对饮酒危害的感知和冒险行为。在青少年对饮酒危害的感知可能性降低或青少年对冒险行为的兴趣增加时，接触饮酒朋友增加的影响更为显著。
虽然朋友饮酒是青少年自身饮酒的一个显著预测因素，但某些类型的学生比其他学生更容易受到朋友行为的影响。特别是，学生对危害的感知和冒险倾向是朋友影响效果的重要调节因素。
