Estrada Carlos A, Patel Sangnya R, Talente Gregg, Kraemer Suzanne
Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-3407, USA.
Am J Med Sci. 2005 Jun;329(6):306-9. doi: 10.1097/00000441-200506000-00010.
Little empirical evidence is available in the medical field defining the most important features of a scientific presentation. We sought to empirically identify what features of a scientific oral presentation experienced reviewers focus on when asked to identify the best features and areas to improve.
Observational study of 44 presenters at a scientific meeting over a 4-year period. Reviewers observed presenters and identified the best features and made suggestions for improvement using an open-ended form. We developed a coding form based on three domains: content, slides, and presentation style. Two raters blinded to the presenter then coded the comments, and disagreement was resolved by concurrent review.
Reviewers made at least one comment about content in 42 (95.5%) of the presentations, about slides in 38 (86.4%), and about presentation style in 42 (95.5%). The most frequently extracted comments on best features of presentations in the domain "content" were identifying a key concept (43.2% of presentations) and relevance (43.2%). Similarly, best features in the domain regarding "slides" were clarity (50.0% of presentations), graphics (27.3%), and readability of the text and font size (22.7%). Finally, best features in the domain regarding "presentation style" were clarity (59.1% of presentations), pace (52.3%), voice (47.7%), engaging with the audience (43.2%), addressing questions (34.1%), and eye contact (22.7%). Various other comments were noted to improve presentations.
Important features during oral presentations relate to specific areas of content, clear slides, and a presentation style that was well paced, engaging, and clear. Nonverbal communication is important in oral presentations.
医学领域中，关于科学报告最重要特征的实证证据很少。我们试图通过实证研究确定经验丰富的评审人员在被要求识别科学口头报告的最佳特征和改进领域时所关注的特征。
对4年期间一次科学会议上的44名报告人进行观察性研究。评审人员观察报告人，使用开放式表格识别最佳特征并提出改进建议。我们基于内容、幻灯片和报告风格三个领域制定了编码表格。两名对报告人不知情的评分者随后对评论进行编码，分歧通过同时评审解决。
评审人员对42份（95.5%）报告的内容、38份（86.4%）报告的幻灯片以及42份（95.5%）报告的报告风格至少提出了一条评论。在“内容”领域，关于报告最佳特征最常提取的评论是确定关键概念（占报告的43.2%）和相关性（43.2%）。同样，在“幻灯片”领域，最佳特征是清晰度（占报告的50.0%）、图形（27.3%）以及文本可读性和字体大小（22.7%）。最后，在“报告风格”领域，最佳特征是清晰度（占报告的59.1%）、节奏（52.3%）、声音（47.7%）、与观众互动（43.2%）、回答问题（34.1%）以及眼神交流（22.7%）。还提到了各种其他改进报告的评论。
口头报告中的重要特征涉及内容的特定领域、清晰的幻灯片以及节奏良好、引人入胜且清晰的报告风格。非语言交流在口头报告中很重要。
