Folkertsma Rolf T, Rattunde H Frederick W, Chandra Subhash, Raju G Soma, Hash C Tom
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)-Patancheru, Patancheru, 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India,
Theor Appl Genet. 2005 Aug;111(3):399-409. doi: 10.1007/s00122-005-1949-0. Epub 2005 Jun 18.
The Guinea-race of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a predominantly inbreeding, diploid cereal crop. It originated from West Africa and appears to have spread throughout Africa and South Asia, where it is now the dominant sorghum race, via ancient trade routes. To elucidate the genetic diversity and differentiation among Guinea-race sorghum landraces, we selected 100 accessions from the ICRISAT sorghum Guinea-race Core Collection and genotyped these using 21 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The 21 SSR markers revealed a total of 123 alleles with an average Dice similarity coefficient of 0.37 across 4,950 pairs of accessions, with nearly 50% of the alleles being rare among the accessions analysed. Stratification of the accessions into 11 countries and five eco-regional groups confirmed earlier reports on the spread of Guinea-race sorghum across Africa and South Asia: most of the variation was found among the accessions from semi-arid and Sahelian Africa and the least among accessions from South Asia. In addition, accessions from South Asia most closely resembled those from southern and eastern Africa, supporting earlier suggestions that sorghum germplasm might have reached South Asia via ancient trade routes along the Arabian Sea coasts of eastern Africa, Arabia and South Asia. Stratification of the accessions according to their Snowden classification indicated clear genetic variation between margeritiferum, conspicuum and Roxburghii accessions, whereas the gambicum and guineënse accessions were genetically similar. The implications of these findings for sorghum Guinea-race plant breeding activities are discussed.
高粱的几内亚品种[高粱（Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench）]是一种主要进行自交繁殖的二倍体谷类作物。它起源于西非，似乎是通过古代贸易路线传播到非洲和南亚各地的，如今在这些地区它是占主导地位的高粱品种。为了阐明几内亚品种高粱地方品种之间的遗传多样性和分化情况，我们从国际半干旱热带作物研究所（ICRISAT）的高粱几内亚品种核心种质库中选取了100份种质，并使用21个简单序列重复（SSR）标记对其进行基因分型。这21个SSR标记在4950对种质中总共检测到123个等位基因，平均Dice相似系数为0.37，在所分析的种质中近50%的等位基因较为罕见。将种质按11个国家和5个生态区域组进行分层，证实了先前关于几内亚品种高粱在非洲和南亚传播的报道：大部分变异存在于半干旱和萨赫勒地区非洲的种质中，而南亚种质中的变异最少。此外，南亚的种质与南部和东部非洲的种质最为相似，这支持了先前的推测，即高粱种质可能是通过沿东非、阿拉伯半岛和南亚阿拉伯海沿岸的古代贸易路线到达南亚的。根据斯诺登分类法对种质进行分层表明，margeritiferum、conspicuum和Roxburghii种质之间存在明显的遗传变异，而gambicum和guineënse种质在遗传上相似。本文讨论了这些发现对高粱几内亚品种植物育种活动的意义。
