Olwell Peter M, Cottell David C, Ní Shúilleabháin Sharon, Maderna Paola, Seymour Colin, Mothersill Carmel, Lyng Fiona M
Radiation and Environmental Science Centre, FOCAS, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 8, Ireland.
Radiat Res. 2005 Jul;164(1):45-52. doi: 10.1667/rr3386.
It has long been known that the hematopoietic tissue of mammals is one of the most radiosensitive tissues. In vitro studies on prawns have also shown that low doses of radiation have an extremely deleterious effect on cells cultured from this animal's blood-forming tissues. This raises questions about the relative effects of radiation in animals of different species. One of the most important aquatic animals, from both an economic and an ecological point of view, is the fish. With this in mind, primary cultures of the blood-forming tissues of rainbow trout were exposed to radiation followed by a morphological comparison between control and irradiated cultures. The cultured cells were characterized as macrophages after incubation with apoptotic human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and were classified as phagocytotic leukocytes. These cells were found in two morphological forms, stretched and rounded. It was shown that there was a commensurate increase in the number of stretched cells after irradiation. Radiation was also shown to cause a dose-dependent increase in the amounts of apoptosis in these cells over time. The phagocytotic efficacy of these cells was shown to inhibited by the exposure to low doses of radiation.
长期以来，人们都知道哺乳动物的造血组织是对辐射最敏感的组织之一。对虾的体外研究也表明，低剂量辐射对从这种动物造血组织培养的细胞具有极其有害的影响。这就引发了关于不同物种动物中辐射相对影响的问题。从经济和生态角度来看，最重要的水生动物之一就是鱼类。考虑到这一点，虹鳟鱼造血组织的原代培养物接受了辐射，随后对对照培养物和辐照培养物进行了形态学比较。培养的细胞在与凋亡的人类多形核白细胞孵育后被鉴定为巨噬细胞，并被归类为吞噬性白细胞。这些细胞有两种形态，伸展型和圆形。结果表明，辐照后伸展型细胞的数量相应增加。研究还表明，随着时间的推移，辐射会导致这些细胞中凋亡量呈剂量依赖性增加。低剂量辐射暴露会抑制这些细胞的吞噬功效。
