Toennes Stefan W, Kauert Gerold F, Steinmeyer Stefan, Moeller Manfred R
Institute of Forensic Toxicology, Center of Legal Medicine, Kennedyallee 104, D-60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Forensic Sci Int. 2005 Sep 10;152(2-3):149-55. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.08.002.
A study was performed to acquire urine, serum and oral fluid samples in cases of suspected driving under the influence of drugs of abuse. Oral fluid was collected using a novel sampling/testing device (Dräger DrugTest System). The aim of the study was to evaluate oral fluid and urine as a predictor of blood samples positive for drugs and impairment symptoms. Analysis for cannabinoids, amphetamine and its derivatives, opiates and cocaine was performed in urine using the Mahsan Kombi/DOA4-test, in serum using immunoassay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) confirmation and in oral fluid by GC-MS. Police and medical officer observations of impairment symptoms were rated and evaluated using a threshold value for the classification of driving inability. Accuracy in correlating drug detection in oral fluid and serum were >90% for all substances and also >90% in urine and serum except for THC (71.0%). Of the cases with oral fluid positive for any drug 97.1% of corresponding serum samples were also positive for at least one drug; of drug-positive urine samples this were only 82.4%. In 119 of 146 cases, impairment symptoms above threshold were observed (81.5%). Of the cases with drugs detected in serum, 19.1% appeared not impaired which were the same with drug-positive oral fluid while more persons with drug-positive urine samples appeared uninfluenced (32.7%). The data demonstrate that oral fluid is superior to urine in correlating with serum analytical data and impairment symptoms of drivers under the influence of drugs of abuse.
开展了一项研究，旨在采集疑似药物滥用影响下驾驶案例的尿液、血清和口腔液样本。使用一种新型采样/检测设备（德尔格药物检测系统）采集口腔液。该研究的目的是评估口腔液和尿液作为药物阳性血样及损伤症状预测指标的情况。使用Mahsan Kombi/DOA4检测法对尿液中的大麻素、苯丙胺及其衍生物、阿片类药物和可卡因进行分析，血清分析采用免疫测定法并通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）进行确证，口腔液则通过GC - MS进行分析。警察和医务人员对损伤症状的观察结果采用驾驶能力分类阈值进行评分和评估。口腔液和血清中药物检测的相关性准确率对于所有物质均>90%，尿液和血清的相关性准确率除四氢大麻酚（THC，71.0%）外也>90%。在口腔液中任何药物呈阳性的案例中，97.1%的相应血清样本中至少有一种药物也呈阳性；而在药物阳性的尿液样本中，这一比例仅为82.4%。在146个案例中的119个（81.5%）观察到了高于阈值的损伤症状。在血清中检测出药物的案例中，19.1%的人似乎未受影响，药物阳性口腔液的情况也是如此，而药物阳性尿液样本中更多人似乎未受影响（32.7%）。数据表明，在与药物滥用影响下驾驶员的血清分析数据和损伤症状的相关性方面，口腔液优于尿液。
