Goens S Denise, Perdue Michael L
Environmental Microbial Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
Anim Health Res Rev. 2004 Dec;5(2):145-56. doi: 10.1079/ahr200495.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging pathogen belonging to a newly recognized family of RNA viruses (Hepeviridae). HEV is an important enterically transmitted human pathogen with a worldwide distribution. It can cause sporadic cases as well as large epidemics of acute hepatitis. Epidemics are primarily waterborne in areas where water supplies are contaminated with HEV of human origin. There is increasing evidence, however, that many animal species are infected with an antigenically similar virus. A recently isolated swine virus is the best candidate for causing a zoonotic form of hepatitis E. The virus is serologically cross-reactive with human HEV and genetically very similar, and the human and swine strains seem to be cross-infective. Very recent evidence has also shown that swine HEV, and possibly a deer strain of HEV, can be transmitted to humans by consumption of contaminated meat. In this review, we discuss the prevalence, pathogenicity, diagnosis and control of human HEV, swine HEV, the related avian HEV and HEV in other hosts and potential reservoirs.
戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）是一种新出现的病原体，属于新确认的RNA病毒科（戊型肝炎病毒科）。HEV是一种重要的经肠道传播的人类病原体，在全球范围内均有分布。它可引起散发病例以及急性肝炎的大规模流行。在水源被人源HEV污染的地区，疫情主要通过水传播。然而，越来越多的证据表明，许多动物物种感染了一种抗原性相似的病毒。最近分离出的一种猪病毒是导致人兽共患型戊型肝炎的最佳候选病毒。该病毒与人类HEV在血清学上具有交叉反应，在基因上非常相似，而且人类和猪的毒株似乎具有交叉感染性。最新证据还表明，食用受污染的猪肉可将猪HEV，可能还有鹿源HEV毒株传播给人类。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了人类HEV、猪HEV、相关禽HEV以及其他宿主和潜在宿主中的HEV的流行情况、致病性、诊断和控制。
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