Patrick Kevin, Intille Stephen S, Zabinski Marion F
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0811, USA.
J Med Internet Res. 2005 Jul 1;7(3):e23. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7.3.e23.
The field of cancer communication has undergone a major revolution as a result of the Internet. As recently as the early 1990s, face-to-face, print, and the telephone were the dominant methods of communication between health professionals and individuals in support of the prevention and treatment of cancer. Computer-supported interactive media existed, but this usually required sophisticated computer and video platforms that limited availability. The introduction of point-and-click interfaces for the Internet dramatically improved the ability of non-expert computer users to obtain and publish information electronically on the Web. Demand for Web access has driven computer sales for the home setting and improved the availability, capability, and affordability of desktop computers. New advances in information and computing technologies will lead to similarly dramatic changes in the affordability and accessibility of computers. Computers will move from the desktop into the environment and onto the body. Computers are becoming smaller, faster, more sophisticated, more responsive, less expensive, and--essentially--ubiquitous. Computers are evolving into much more than desktop communication devices. New computers include sensing, monitoring, geospatial tracking, just-in-time knowledge presentation, and a host of other information processes. The challenge for cancer communication researchers is to acknowledge the expanded capability of the Web and to move beyond the approaches to health promotion, behavior change, and communication that emerged during an era when language- and image-based interpersonal and mass communication strategies predominated. Ecological theory has been advanced since the early 1900s to explain the highly complex relationships among individuals, society, organizations, the built and natural environments, and personal and population health and well-being. This paper provides background on ecological theory, advances an Ecological Model of Internet-Based Cancer Communication intended to broaden the vision of potential uses of the Internet for cancer communication, and provides some examples of how such a model might inform future research and development in cancer communication.
由于互联网的出现，癌症传播领域经历了一场重大变革。就在20世纪90年代初，面对面交流、印刷品和电话还是健康专业人员与个人之间支持癌症预防和治疗的主要沟通方式。计算机支持的交互式媒体已经存在，但这通常需要复杂的计算机和视频平台，限制了其可用性。互联网的点击式界面的引入极大地提高了非专业计算机用户在网上以电子方式获取和发布信息的能力。对网络接入的需求推动了家用计算机的销售，并提高了台式计算机的可用性、性能和可承受性。信息和计算技术的新进展将导致计算机在可承受性和可及性方面发生同样巨大的变化。计算机将从桌面走向环境和人体。计算机正变得更小、更快、更复杂、响应更灵敏、更便宜，而且——基本上——无处不在。计算机正在演变成远不止是桌面通信设备。新的计算机包括传感、监测、地理空间跟踪、即时知识呈现以及许多其他信息处理功能。癌症传播研究人员面临的挑战是认识到网络能力的扩展，并超越在以语言和图像为基础的人际和大众传播策略占主导地位的时代出现的健康促进、行为改变和传播方法。自20世纪初以来，生态理论不断发展，以解释个人、社会、组织、建筑和自然环境以及个人和群体健康与福祉之间极其复杂的关系。本文提供了生态理论的背景，提出了一个基于互联网的癌症传播生态模型，旨在拓宽互联网在癌症传播方面潜在用途的视野，并提供了一些例子说明这样一个模型如何为癌症传播的未来研究和发展提供信息。
