Fiset Daniel, Arguin Martin, Bub Daniel, Humphreys Glyn W, Riddoch M Jane
Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition, Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.
Psychol Sci. 2005 Jul;16(7):535-41. doi: 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01571.x.
The diagnosis of letter-by-letter (LBL) dyslexia is based on the observation of a substantial and monotonic increase of word naming latencies as the number of letters in the stimulus increases. This pattern of performance is typically interpreted as indicating that word recognition in LBL dyslexia depends on the sequential identification of individual letters. We show, in 7 LBL patients, that the word-length effect can be eliminated if words of different lengths are matched on the sum of the confusability (visual similarity between a letter and the remainder of the alphabet) of their constituent letters. Additional experiments demonstrate that this result is mediated by parallel letter processing and not by any compensatory serial processing strategy. These findings indicate that parallel processing contributes significantly to explicit word recognition in LBL dyslexia and that a letter-processing impairment is fundamental in causing the disorder.
逐字母（LBL）阅读障碍的诊断基于这样的观察结果：随着刺激词中字母数量的增加，单词命名潜伏期会显著且单调地增加。这种表现模式通常被解释为表明LBL阅读障碍中的单词识别依赖于对单个字母的顺序识别。我们在7名LBL患者中发现，如果不同长度的单词在其组成字母的混淆度（一个字母与字母表其余部分之间的视觉相似性）总和上进行匹配，那么单词长度效应可以消除。额外的实验表明，这一结果是由并行字母处理介导的，而非任何补偿性的串行处理策略。这些发现表明，并行处理对LBL阅读障碍中的明确单词识别有显著贡献，并且字母处理损伤是导致该障碍的根本原因。
