von Essen Jan D
Department of Psychology, Stockholm University.
Scand J Psychol. 2005 Aug;46(4):315-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2005.00461.x.
Improved recall has consistently been demonstrated following motor activation at encoding (SPT), compared to traditional verbal learning (VT). Enhancements of item-specific processing and relational processing have been proposed as possible mechanisms to account for this SPT effect. There is ample evidence supporting the notion of enhanced item-specific processing, however it is still unclear whether enhancement of relational processing contributes to improved recall. In the present study, 2 experiments were designed to address this issue. In Experiment 1, memory under 2 encoding conditions (VT vs. SPT) and 3 recall conditions (free recall vs. category-cued recall vs. verb-cued recall) were studied in 3 large samples (N= 500-600). Experiment 2 replicated the findings of Experiment 1, and controlled for the use of actual objects, short-term memory effects, and carryover effects, in Experiment 1. The results in both experiments showed an interaction between type of encoding and type of recall. Verb-cued recall was affected differently by SPT encoding, as compared to category-cued recall and free recall. The results indicate that enhanced integration between verb and noun is an effect of SPT encoding, whereas enhanced relational processing is not.
与传统言语学习（VT）相比，在编码时进行动作激活（SPT）后，回忆能力持续得到改善。特定项目加工和关系加工的增强被认为是解释这种SPT效应的可能机制。有大量证据支持特定项目加工增强的观点，然而关系加工的增强是否有助于提高回忆仍不清楚。在本研究中，设计了2个实验来解决这个问题。在实验1中，在3个大样本（N = 500 - 600）中研究了2种编码条件（VT与SPT）和3种回忆条件（自由回忆与类别线索回忆与动词线索回忆）下的记忆情况。实验2重复了实验1的结果，并在实验1中控制了实际物体的使用、短期记忆效应和遗留效应。两个实验的结果均显示编码类型与回忆类型之间存在交互作用。与类别线索回忆和自由回忆相比，动词线索回忆受SPT编码的影响不同。结果表明，动词和名词之间增强的整合是SPT编码的一种效应，而关系加工的增强则不是。
