Fazendeiro Tedra, Winkielman Piotr, Luo Chun, Lorah Christopher
Department of Psychology, 2155 S. Race St., University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2005 Mar;33(2):249-60. doi: 10.3758/bf03195314.
Four experiments examined contributions of conceptual relatedness and feelings of familiarity to false recognition. Participants first studied lists of unrelated items (e.g., table, lock) followed by a recognition test with three types of items: (1) studied items (e.g., table), (2) semantically related lures (e.g., key), and (3) unrelated lures (e.g., cup). Participants falsely recognized more related than unrelated lures when the stimuli were words (Experiment 1A) and pictures (Experiment 1B), when the studied items and related lures differed in language (Experiment 2), and when they differed in perceptual format (Experiment 3). In Experiment 4, an attribution manipulation, designed to make feelings of familiarity nondiagnostic for memory judgments, eliminated the false-recognition effect obtained in Experiment 3. Overall, the study suggests that conceptual relatedness produces false recognition even in the absence of shared perceptual surface features between study and test items, and it does so by generating feelings of familiarity.
四项实验考察了概念关联性和熟悉感对错误识别的影响。参与者首先学习不相关项目的列表（如桌子、锁），随后进行识别测试，测试项目有三种类型：（1）学过的项目（如桌子），（2）语义相关的诱饵（如钥匙），以及（3）不相关的诱饵（如杯子）。当刺激物是单词时（实验1A）和图片时（实验1B），当学过的项目和相关诱饵在语言上不同时（实验2），以及当它们在感知形式上不同时（实验3），参与者错误识别出的相关诱饵比不相关诱饵更多。在实验4中，一种旨在使熟悉感对于记忆判断不再具有诊断性的归因操作，消除了在实验3中获得的错误识别效应。总体而言，该研究表明，即使在学习项目和测试项目之间不存在共享的感知表面特征的情况下，概念关联性也会产生错误识别，并且它是通过产生熟悉感来做到这一点的。
