Whittlesea Bruce W A
Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2002 Mar;131(1):96-115. doi: 10.1037//0096-3445.131.1.96.
According to the discrepancy-attribution hypothesis (B. W. A. Whittlesea & L. D. Williams, 1998), people experience a feeling of familiarity when they perceive their processing to be surprising, but for an indefinite reason. This hypothesis has been successful in explaining several illusions of familiarity. Here, it is applied to the prototype-familiarity effect, an illusion of remembering that occurs when people are shown prototype words after studying lists of associates. The experiments showed that studying associates enhances semantic, but not perceptual, processing of prototypes. They also showed that claims of recognizing prototypes can be modified by presenting them in predictive or incongruous contexts at test. The evidence suggests that the effect results from an evaluation process that monitors the coherence of processing.
根据差异归因假说（B. W. A. 惠特利西和L. D. 威廉姆斯，1998年），当人们察觉到自己的加工过程令人惊讶但原因不明时，就会体验到一种熟悉感。这一假说成功地解释了几种熟悉感错觉。在此，它被应用于原型熟悉效应，即当人们在学习联想词列表后看到原型词时出现的一种记忆错觉。实验表明，学习联想词会增强对原型的语义加工，但不会增强感知加工。实验还表明，在测试时将原型呈现于预测性或不一致的情境中，可以改变对原型的识别判断。证据表明，这种效应源于一个监测加工连贯性的评估过程。
