Wisniewski Amy B, Apel Samantha, Selnes Ola A, Nath Avindra, McArthur Justin C, Dobs Adrian S
Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
J Neurovirol. 2005 Apr;11(2):138-43. doi: 10.1080/13550280590922748.
Limited attention has been paid to the potential impact of gender and injection drug use (IDU) on mood, quality of life, and neuropsychological performance in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Several studies that describe the natural history of HIV/AIDS in terms of mental health and neuropsychological ability have focused solely on men or have excluded injection drug users. Women and injection drug users are two groups for whom the incidence of HIV infection is increasing. Additionally, the National Academy of Sciences recently recommended that studies concerned with health-related research include males and females, and that researchers analyze their data for gender differences. The goals of the current study were to investigate possible relationships between HIV and IDU status and depressive symptoms, quality of life, and neuropsychological performance in women and men matched for age, race, and education. Overall, women reported more depressive symptoms than men, and this gender difference was most evident in women who were both infected with HIV and who were also injection drug users. Women and HIV-infected individuals reported the poorest quality of life scores. Women outperformed men on a measure of verbal memory and HIV(-) participants outperformed HIV(+) participants on a measure of perceptual speed. Finally, gender and HIV status interacted such that uninfected women performed the best, and infected men performed the worst, on a test of verbal memory. A better understanding of how men and women with different drug use profiles respond to HIV/AIDS may substantially improve survival, as well as aspects of daily functioning, of affected individuals. Thus, further study and development of treatment protocols targeted at including women and IDU are needed.
在人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（HIV/AIDS）中，性别和注射吸毒（IDU）对情绪、生活质量和神经心理表现的潜在影响一直未得到足够关注。一些从心理健康和神经心理能力方面描述HIV/AIDS自然史的研究仅聚焦于男性，或排除了注射吸毒者。女性和注射吸毒者是HIV感染率正在上升的两类人群。此外，美国国家科学院最近建议，与健康相关的研究应纳入男性和女性，并要求研究人员分析数据中的性别差异。本研究的目的是调查在年龄、种族和教育程度相匹配的男性和女性中，HIV和IDU状况与抑郁症状、生活质量及神经心理表现之间可能存在的关系。总体而言，女性报告的抑郁症状比男性更多，这种性别差异在同时感染HIV且为注射吸毒者的女性中最为明显。女性和HIV感染者报告的生活质量得分最差。在言语记忆测试中，女性表现优于男性；在知觉速度测试中，HIV阴性参与者表现优于HIV阳性参与者。最后，在言语记忆测试中，性别和HIV状况存在交互作用，未感染的女性表现最佳，感染的男性表现最差。更好地了解具有不同吸毒情况的男性和女性对HIV/AIDS的反应，可能会显著提高受影响个体的生存率以及日常功能状况。因此，需要进一步研究并制定针对女性和注射吸毒者的治疗方案。
