Healy Michael R, Light Leah L, Chung Christie
Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA 91711, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2005 Jul;31(4):768-88. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.31.4.768.
In 3 experiments, young and older adults studied lists of unrelated word pairs and were given confidence-rated item and associative recognition tests. Several different models of recognition were fit to the confidence-rating data using techniques described by S. Macho (2002, 2004). Concordant with previous findings, item recognition data were best fit by an unequal-variance signal detection theory model for both young and older adults. For both age groups, associative recognition performance was best explained by models incorporating both recollection and familiarity components. Examination of parameter estimates supported the conclusion that recollection is reduced in old age, but inferences about age differences in familiarity were highly model dependent. Implications for dual-process models of memory in old age are discussed.
在3项实验中，年轻人和年长者学习不相关的单词对列表，并接受了带有置信度评分的项目和关联识别测试。使用S. Macho（2002年、2004年）描述的技术，将几种不同的识别模型与置信度评分数据进行拟合。与先前的研究结果一致，年轻人和年长者的项目识别数据都最适合用异方差信号检测理论模型来拟合。对于两个年龄组，关联识别表现最好用同时包含回忆和熟悉度成分的模型来解释。对参数估计的检验支持了这样的结论：老年时回忆能力下降，但关于熟悉度年龄差异的推断高度依赖模型。文中讨论了其对老年记忆双过程模型的启示。
