Galea Sandro, Rudenstine Sasha, Vlahov David
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2005 Mar;24(2):127-36. doi: 10.1080/09595230500102509.
Urbanization is probably the single most important demographic shift world-wide throughout the past and the new century and represents a sentinel change from how most of the world's population has lived for the past several thousand years. As urban living becomes the predominant social context for the majority of the world's population, the very ubiquity of urban living promises to shape health directly and to indirectly affect what we typically consider risk factors or determinants of population health. Although a growing body of research is exploring how characteristics of the urban environment may be associated with health (e.g. depression) and risk behaviours (e.g. exercise patterns), relatively little research has systematically assessed how the urban environment may affect drug use and misuse. In this paper we will propose a conceptual framework for considering how different characteristics of the urban environment (e.g. collective efficacy, the built environment) may be associated with drug use and misuse, summarize the existing empiric literature that substantiates elements of this framework, and identify potential directions for future research.
城市化可能是过去和新世纪全球范围内最重要的人口结构转变，标志着世界上大多数人口数千年来生活方式的重大变化。随着城市生活成为世界大多数人口的主要社会环境，城市生活的普遍性有望直接塑造健康状况，并间接影响我们通常认为的人口健康风险因素或决定因素。尽管越来越多的研究在探索城市环境特征如何与健康（如抑郁症）和风险行为（如运动模式）相关联，但相对较少的研究系统地评估了城市环境如何影响药物使用和滥用。在本文中，我们将提出一个概念框架，以考虑城市环境的不同特征（如集体效能、建筑环境）如何与药物使用和滥用相关联，总结证实该框架要素的现有实证文献，并确定未来研究的潜在方向。
