Dean Hazel D, Steele C Brooke, Satcher Anna J, Nakashima Allyn K
Office of Health Disparities, and the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
J Natl Med Assoc. 2005 Jul;97(7 Suppl):5S-12S.
During June 1981 to June 1982, 37% of more than 400 cases of AIDS reported to the CDC were in minority races and ethnicities. In 2003, 72% of the estimated 43,171 cases of AIDS diagnosed in the 50 states; District of Columbia; and U.S. dependencies, possessions and free nations were in minority races and ethnicities.
We analyzed HIV/AIDS data for 2000-2003 reported by the 32 states that have had confidential name-based reporting of HIV infection since 1999. For analysis of AIDS data, we used data for 1999-2003 reported by the 50 states and the District of Columbia. HIV/AIDS and AIDS data were statistically adjusted for reporting delays and redistribution of cases initially reported without risk factors.
For all years, the numbers of HIV/AIDS and AIDS diagnoses were consistently higher among non-Hispanic blacks than among other races and ethnicities. In the 32 states with HIV reporting, the HIV/AIDS diagnosis rate in 2003 was 74 per 100,000 for blacks, 25 per 100,000 for Hispanics, 11 per 100,000 for American Indians/Alaska Natives, nine per 100,000 for whites, and seven per 100,000 for Asians/Pacific Islanders. The rates for persons living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2003 were highest for blacks (765 per 100,000) and Hispanics (220 per 100,000). In the 50 states and the District of Columbia, AIDS diagnosis rates in 2003 were 58 per 100,000 for blacks, 20 per 100,000 for Hispanics, eight per 100,000 for American Indians/Alaska Natives, and four per 100,000 for Asians/Pacific Islanders.
HIV/AIDS disproportionately affects minority races and ethnicities in the United States. To reduce rates of HIV/AIDS in these populations, effective and culturally appropriate prevention interventions must be developed and implemented.
1981年6月至1982年6月期间，向美国疾病控制与预防中心报告的400多例艾滋病病例中，37%为少数种族和族裔。2003年，在50个州、哥伦比亚特区以及美国附属地、领地和自由邦诊断出的估计43171例艾滋病病例中，72%为少数种族和族裔。
我们分析了自1999年以来对艾滋病毒感染采用基于姓名的保密报告的32个州报告的2000 - 2003年艾滋病毒/艾滋病数据。为分析艾滋病数据，我们使用了50个州和哥伦比亚特区报告的1999 - 2003年数据。对艾滋病毒/艾滋病和艾滋病数据进行了统计调整，以处理报告延迟以及对最初报告时无危险因素的病例进行重新分类的情况。
多年来，非西班牙裔黑人中的艾滋病毒/艾滋病和艾滋病诊断病例数一直高于其他种族和族裔。在32个有艾滋病毒报告的州，2003年黑人的艾滋病毒/艾滋病诊断率为每10万人74例，西班牙裔为每10万人25例，美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民为每10万人11例，白人为每10万人9例，亚洲人/太平洋岛民为每10万人7例。2003年底艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者的比率以黑人为最高（每10万人765例），西班牙裔次之（每10万人220例）。在50个州和哥伦比亚特区，2003年黑人的艾滋病诊断率为每10万人58例，西班牙裔为每10万人20例，美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民为每10万人8例，亚洲人/太平洋岛民为每10万人4例。
在美国，艾滋病毒/艾滋病对少数种族和族裔的影响尤为严重。为降低这些人群中的艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染率，必须制定并实施有效且符合文化背景的预防干预措施。
