de Vries Hein, Dijk Froukje, Wetzels Joyce, Mudde Aart, Kremers Stef, Ariza Carles, Vitória Paulo Duarte, Fielder Anne, Holm Klavs, Janssen Karin, Lehtovuori Riku, Candel Math
Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Health Educ Res. 2006 Feb;21(1):116-32. doi: 10.1093/her/cyh048. Epub 2005 Aug 8.
The European Smoking Prevention Framework Approach (ESFA) study in six countries tested the effects of a comprehensive smoking prevention approach after 24 (T3; N = 10,751) and 30 months (T4; N = 9,282). The programme targeted four levels, i.e. adolescents in schools, school policies, parents and the community. In Portugal, 12.4% of the T1 non-smokers in the control group had started smoking at T4 compared to 7.9% of the experimental group. Smoking onset in the experimental group was thus 36% lower. In Finland, 32.4% of the T1 non-smokers started smoking compared to 27.6% of the experimental group, implying a 15% lower onset in the experimental group. In Spain, 33.0% of the T1 non-smokers in the control group had started smoking, compared to 29.1% of the experimental group, implying a 12% lower onset. In The Netherlands, the ESFA programme was effective for non-native adolescents with 11.4% new weekly smokers compared to 19.9% in the control group. An opposite effect was found in native Dutch adolescents with 19.0% new weekly smokers in the comparison group compared to 24.0% new smokers in the experimental group. Future programmes should use more standardized ways to assess process evaluations and should assess which elements are responsible for behavioral effects.
欧洲预防吸烟框架方法（ESFA）在六个国家开展的研究，在24个月（T3；N = 10751）和30个月（T4；N = 9282）后测试了全面预防吸烟方法的效果。该项目针对四个层面，即学校中的青少年、学校政策、家长和社区。在葡萄牙，对照组中T1期不吸烟者在T4期有12.4%开始吸烟，而实验组这一比例为7.9%。因此，实验组的吸烟起始率低36%。在芬兰，T1期不吸烟者中有32.4%开始吸烟，而实验组为27.6%，这意味着实验组的起始率低15%。在西班牙，对照组中T1期不吸烟者有33.0%开始吸烟，而实验组为29.1%，意味着起始率低12%。在荷兰，ESFA项目对非本地青少年有效，新的每周吸烟者比例为11.4%，而对照组为19.9%。在荷兰本地青少年中发现了相反的效果，对照组新的每周吸烟者比例为19.0%，而实验组新吸烟者比例为24.0%。未来的项目应采用更标准化的方法来评估过程评价，并应评估哪些因素对行为效果负责。
