Averina Maria, Nilssen Odd, Brenn Tormod, Brox Jan, Arkhipovsky Vadim L, Kalinin Alexei G
Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2005 Jul;40(7):511-8. doi: 10.1007/s00127-005-0918-x. Epub 2005 Aug 15.
The paper investigates social and lifestyle determinants of depression, anxiety, sleeping disorders and self-evaluated low quality of life in a population sample from the northwest of Russia.
Altogether 1968 men and 1737 women aged 18-90 years participated in a population-based study in Arkhangelsk, Russia, in the period 1999-2000. Depression, anxiety, and sleeping disorders were evaluated by a questionnaire with the formulations that have been previously used in population studies in Northern Norway. Alcohol dependence was diagnosed by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Quality of life was evaluated by a 10-score Cantril Ladder. A score lower than five was defined as low quality of life. Relations between depression, anxiety, and sleeping disorders and socioeconomic/lifestyle factors were tested by logistic regression analyses.
Women reported significantly higher prevalence of depression, anxiety and/or sleeping disorders than men: 68.7% and 32.3%, respectively. Depression, anxiety, sleeping disorders and low quality of life were positively associated with self-evaluation of nutrition as "poor", low consumption of food, and with low-paid professional status. Depression and sleeping disorders were associated with smoking, hazardous level of alcohol drinking and alcohol dependence. Anxiety and low quality of life were associated with alcohol dependence. Depression, anxiety, sleeping disorders and low quality of life had a strong positive association with circulatory diseases and gastrointestinal diseases, the association remained significant after adjustment for smoking and alcohol variables.
A considerable part of the examined Russian population experienced depression, anxiety, and sleeping disorders that were strongly positively associated with poor nutrition, low socioeconomic status and adverse health behaviors (alcohol use disorders, smoking).
本文调查了俄罗斯西北部人群样本中抑郁症、焦虑症、睡眠障碍以及自我评估的低生活质量的社会和生活方式决定因素。
1999年至2000年期间，共有1968名年龄在18至90岁之间的男性和1737名女性参与了俄罗斯阿尔汉格尔斯克的一项基于人群的研究。抑郁症、焦虑症和睡眠障碍通过一份问卷进行评估，问卷中的表述此前曾在挪威北部的人群研究中使用。酒精依赖通过酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）进行诊断。生活质量通过10分制的坎特里尔阶梯量表进行评估。得分低于5分被定义为低生活质量。通过逻辑回归分析测试抑郁症、焦虑症和睡眠障碍与社会经济/生活方式因素之间的关系。
女性报告的抑郁症、焦虑症和/或睡眠障碍患病率显著高于男性，分别为68.7%和32.3%。抑郁症、焦虑症、睡眠障碍和低生活质量与自我评估的“差”营养状况、低食物消费量以及低薪职业地位呈正相关。抑郁症和睡眠障碍与吸烟、危险饮酒水平和酒精依赖有关。焦虑症和低生活质量与酒精依赖有关。抑郁症、焦虑症、睡眠障碍和低生活质量与循环系统疾病和胃肠道疾病有很强的正相关，在对吸烟和酒精变量进行调整后，这种相关性仍然显著。
在接受调查的俄罗斯人群中，相当一部分人经历了抑郁症、焦虑症和睡眠障碍，这些与营养不良、低社会经济地位和不良健康行为（酒精使用障碍、吸烟）密切正相关。
