Freifeld Alison G, Iwen Peter C
Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2004 Apr;25(2):221-31. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-824905.
Zygomycosis is an invasive mycotic disease caused by fungi in the class Zygomycetes. Within this class, the most common species associated with infection include Absidia corymbifera, Apophysomyces elegans, Cunninghamella bertholletiae, Rhizomucor pusillus, Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis, and Rhizopus arrhizus. These fungi all produce characteristic hyphal forms in tissue that are variable in width, produce haphazard branching, and lack septation. Although these fungi are ubiquitous in the environment, they are opportunists causing invasive disease in compromised hosts with a high mortality even when aggressive antifungal therapy and surgical intervention are utilized. Clinically, the disease most often affects the sinus with or without pulmonary involvement; direct extension from sinuses into cerebral tissue is not uncommon. This article describes the general clinical features of zygomycosis, with an emphasis on management in the setting of immunosuppression.
接合菌病是一种由接合菌纲真菌引起的侵袭性真菌病。在该纲中，与感染相关的最常见菌种包括伞枝犁头霉、雅致放射毛霉、柏氏小克银汉霉、微小根毛霉、类根足根霉和少根根霉。这些真菌在组织中均产生特征性菌丝形态，宽度不一，分支不规则，且无隔膜。尽管这些真菌在环境中普遍存在，但它们是机会致病菌，即使采用积极的抗真菌治疗和手术干预，也会在免疫功能受损的宿主中引发侵袭性疾病，死亡率很高。临床上，该病最常累及鼻窦，可伴有或不伴有肺部受累；鼻窦直接蔓延至脑组织并不少见。本文描述了接合菌病的一般临床特征，重点是免疫抑制情况下的管理。
