Tsai Shan P, Wendt Judy K, Ahmed Farah S, Donnelly Robin P, Strawmyer Thomas R
Shell Oil Company, Houston, TX 77252-2463, USA.
J Occup Environ Med. 2005 Aug;47(8):838-46. doi: 10.1097/01.jom.0000169091.28589.8a.
Illness absence in a working population is a complex phenomenon and can be influenced by many factors, such as age, gender, and personal health risk factors. The current study used prospectively collected employee health risk and morbidity data to examine illness absence patterns for a working population and to quantify the impact of selected health risk factors on employee illness absence.
The study population consisted of 2550 regular employees working at a Texas petrochemical facility. Morbidity data were extracted from the company's Health Surveillance System, and records of absences were derived from personnel and payroll systems. The morbidity frequency rate and average duration of absence per employee per year were calculated by age, gender, and selected health risk factors, including smoking, body mass index, cholesterol, triglycerides, hypertension, and fasting glucose.
Morbidity frequency rates and average duration of absence increased with age and with the presence of health risk factors. The absence frequency rate increased with an increase in the number of risk factors present from no risk factors (11.8 per 100 employees) to four or more risk factors (32.3 per 100 employees). The number of workdays lost also increased with the number of risk factors present, with the least number of workdays lost by employees with zero risk factors (4.1 day), followed by one (6.4 days), two (8.8 days), three (9.3 days), and four or more risk factors (12.6 days).
The impact of employee health risk factors has been shown in this study to be associated with absence frequency and duration of absence. Reduction in employee health risk factors can be an effective means of improving employees' health and increasing a company's productivity.
在职人群的病假缺勤是一个复杂的现象，可能受到许多因素的影响，如年龄、性别和个人健康风险因素。本研究使用前瞻性收集的员工健康风险和发病率数据，来研究在职人群的病假缺勤模式，并量化选定的健康风险因素对员工病假缺勤的影响。
研究人群包括在德克萨斯州一家石化工厂工作的2550名正式员工。发病率数据从公司的健康监测系统中提取，缺勤记录来自人事和薪资系统。按年龄、性别和选定的健康风险因素（包括吸烟、体重指数、胆固醇、甘油三酯、高血压和空腹血糖）计算每位员工每年的发病频率率和平均缺勤时长。
发病频率率和平均缺勤时长随年龄以及健康风险因素的存在而增加。缺勤频率率随着存在的风险因素数量从无风险因素（每100名员工中有11.8人）增加到四个或更多风险因素（每100名员工中有32.3人）而增加。损失的工作日数量也随着存在的风险因素数量增加而增加，风险因素为零的员工损失的工作日最少（4.1天），其次是一个风险因素（6.4天）、两个风险因素（8.8天）、三个风险因素（9.3天）以及四个或更多风险因素（12.6天）。
本研究表明员工健康风险因素的影响与缺勤频率和缺勤时长相关。降低员工健康风险因素可能是改善员工健康状况和提高公司生产力的有效手段。
