West Christine, de Castro Arnold B, Fitzgerald Sheila T
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
AAOHN J. 2005 Jul;53(7):297-305.
During the past decade, the characteristics and number of adolescent workers has changed little. Several studies were conducted during this time documenting the patterns, scope, and effect of work among young individuals in the United States. Part-time employment may benefit youth by imparting positive work values, reinforcing the importance of academic skills for future career success, providing a better understanding of the workplace, increasing contact with adults, and building character. Negative aspects of youth employment include threats to completion of developmental tasks and education, injury, toxic exposure, and illness. The enactment of regulations and resulting change in the nature of youth employment has contributed to a substantial decrease in youth-related occupational fatality and injury. However, youth workers continue to suffer fatal and nonfatal occupational injuries with most injuries occurring in the retail industry. Efforts should be made to develop innovative interventions tailored to young workers that focus on surveillance, advocacy, education, and research to decrease workplace injury and illness.
在过去十年里，青少年工人的特征和数量变化不大。在此期间进行了几项研究，记录了美国年轻人的工作模式、范围和影响。兼职工作可能会使年轻人受益，因为它能传授积极的工作价值观，强化学术技能对未来职业成功的重要性，增进对职场的了解，增加与成年人的接触，并塑造品格。青少年就业的负面影响包括对发展任务和教育完成情况的威胁、受伤、接触有毒物质和患病。法规的颁布以及由此导致的青少年就业性质的变化，使得与青少年相关的职业死亡和伤害大幅减少。然而，青少年工人仍遭受致命和非致命的职业伤害，其中大多数伤害发生在零售行业。应努力开发针对年轻工人的创新干预措施，重点关注监测、宣传、教育和研究，以减少工作场所的伤害和疾病。
