Evans Mark I, Wapner Ronald J
Institute for Genetics, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10022, USA.
Semin Perinatol. 2005 Aug;29(4):215-8. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2005.06.004.
Amniocentesis and Chorionic Villus Sampling have been the two most common prenatal diagnostic procedures for decades. There are wide variations in utilization, operator skills, quoted procedure risks, actual observed risks, and patient choices that come from highly variable counseling as to those risks. The compilation of published data suggests procedure risks of amniocentesis to be about 1/200 and in very skilled hands to be slightly lower. The risks of CVS in very experienced hands may also be about 1/200. Most studies comparing CVS to amniocentesis in skilled hands have found equivalency of risks. No well controlled studies support claims of amniocentesis risk at 1/1000 or lower. There is no increased risks of limb reduction defects following CVS at 10 weeks or greater, but there is an increase in Talipes from "Early Amniocentesis." In the first trimester CVS is the safer procedure.
几十年来，羊膜穿刺术和绒毛取样一直是两种最常见的产前诊断程序。在利用率、操作人员技能、公布的操作风险、实际观察到的风险以及患者选择等方面存在很大差异，这些差异源于对这些风险的高度可变的咨询。已发表数据的汇编表明，羊膜穿刺术的操作风险约为1/200，在技术非常熟练的情况下风险略低。在经验非常丰富的操作人员手中，绒毛取样的风险也可能约为1/200。大多数在技术熟练的情况下比较绒毛取样和羊膜穿刺术的研究发现风险相当。没有经过充分对照的研究支持羊膜穿刺术风险为1/1000或更低的说法。在孕10周及以上进行绒毛取样后，肢体减少缺陷的风险没有增加，但“早期羊膜穿刺术”会增加马蹄内翻足的风险。在孕早期，绒毛取样是更安全的程序。
