Hela Dimitra G, Lambropoulou Dimitra A, Konstantinou Ioannis K, Albanis Triantafyllos A
Department of Farm Organization and Management, School of Natural Resources and Enterprise Management, University of Ioannina, Agrinio, 30100, Greece.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2005 Jun;24(6):1548-56. doi: 10.1897/04-455r.1.
Monitoring of pesticide residues in water and sediments was conducted as a basis for subsequent ecotoxicological risk assessment for the shallow eutrophic Lake Pamvotis, northwestern Greece. During a one-year study period, atrazine, desethylatrazine (DEA), simazine, diazinon, malathion, oxamyl, carbofuran, and ethion were detected in water and atrazine, desethylatrazine, diazinon, and s-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) in sediments, all at ppb concentration level. Temporal variation in pesticide concentrations was observed. Highest residue levels for most pesticides in both water and sediment matrices occurred in the May to July period with the exception of atrazine and DEA, which show highest levels in water during the September to November period. The ecological risk associated with pesticide contamination was assessed using two different methods: The toxic unit method, which provides a first indication of the relative contribution of detected pesticides to the total toxicity and a probabilistic approach, and the inverse method of Van Straalen and Denneman, which is used to quantify the ecological risk. The maximum percentage of the ecological risk was 10.3 and 51.8% for water and 17.2 and 70.6% for sediment, based on acute and chronic level, respectively. These results show that pesticides exert a significant pressure on the aquatic system of Lake Pamvotis, especially for the chronic-effect level. Simple quotient methods should be coupled with higher-tier risk assessment, especially if restoration activities on lake ecosystems are to be undertaken for sustainable development.
对希腊西北部富营养化浅水湖潘沃蒂斯湖的水和沉积物中的农药残留进行了监测，作为后续生态毒理学风险评估的基础。在为期一年的研究期内，在水中检测到了阿特拉津、去乙基阿特拉津（DEA）、西玛津、二嗪农、马拉硫磷、草肟威、克百威和乙硫磷，在沉积物中检测到了阿特拉津、去乙基阿特拉津、二嗪农和s-乙基二丙基硫代氨基甲酸酯（EPTC），所有浓度均为ppb级别。观察到了农药浓度的时间变化。除阿特拉津和DEA外，水和沉积物基质中大多数农药的最高残留水平出现在5月至7月期间，阿特拉津和DEA在9月至11月期间在水中的含量最高。使用两种不同方法评估了与农药污染相关的生态风险：毒性单位法，它提供了检测到的农药对总毒性相对贡献的初步指示以及一种概率方法，以及Van Straalen和Denneman的逆方法，用于量化生态风险。基于急性和慢性水平，水的生态风险最大百分比分别为10.3%和51.8%，沉积物的生态风险最大百分比分别为17.2%和70.6%。这些结果表明，农药对潘沃蒂斯湖的水生系统施加了重大压力，特别是在慢性影响水平方面。简单的商数方法应与更高层次的风险评估相结合，特别是如果要为可持续发展开展湖泊生态系统的恢复活动。
