McCarthy A J, Williams S T
Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Liverpool, UK.
Gene. 1992 Jun 15;115(1-2):189-92. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90558-7.
The diversity of form in the Actinomycetales is well-recognised, due to the sustained generation of environmental isolates for pharmaceutical screening. Actinomycetes isolated from soil and related substrates show primary biodegradative activity, secreting a range of extracellular enzymes and exhibiting the capacity to metabolise recalcitrant molecules. Composting is one process which relies heavily on such prolific actinomycete activity. Amongst actinomycetes in soil, there are examples of different strategies, from cycles of rapid proliferation and sporulation to the maintenance of populations by prolonged slow growth and scavenging, and the evidence for this is examined. The mechanisms of lignocellulose degradation by actinomycetes are discussed in relation to functional conservation within the group, and correlations with those described in other bacteria and fungi.
由于持续不断地从环境中分离菌株用于药物筛选，放线菌目在形态上的多样性已得到广泛认可。从土壤及相关基质中分离出的放线菌具有主要的生物降解活性，能分泌一系列胞外酶，并展现出代谢难降解分子的能力。堆肥就是一个严重依赖此类丰富放线菌活性的过程。在土壤中的放线菌里，存在不同的生存策略实例，从快速增殖和孢子形成的循环到通过长期缓慢生长和清除来维持种群数量，本文对此证据进行了研究。本文还讨论了放线菌降解木质纤维素的机制，涉及该类群内的功能保守性，以及与其他细菌和真菌中所描述机制的相关性。
