Duncan Mitch J, Spence John C, Mummery W Kerry
School of Health & Human Performance, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2005 Sep 5;2:11. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-2-11.
Several narrative reviews have been conducted on the literature examining environmental correlates of physical activity (PA). To date these reviews have been unable to provide definitive summaries of observed associations. This study utilizes meta-analytical techniques to calculate summaries of associations between selected environmental characteristics and PA.
Published studies were identified from electronic databases and searches of personal files. Studies were examined to determine the environmental constructs most frequently studied. Included studies (N = 16) examined at least one identified construct and determined associations between perceived environmental constructs and PA using logistic regression. Data were analyzed separately for crude and adjusted ORs using general-variance based fixed effect models.
No significant associations emerged between environmental characteristics and PA using crude OR. The perceived presence of PA facilities (OR 1.20, 95% 1.06-1.34), sidewalks (OR 1.23, 95% 1.13-1.32), shops and services (OR 1.30, 95% 1.14-1.46) and perceiving traffic not to be a problem (OR 1.22, 95% 1.08-1.37) were positively associated with activity using adjusted ORs. Variance in PA accounted for by significant associations ranged from 4% (heavy traffic not a problem) to 7% (presence of shops and services).
Results of the meta-analysis support the relevance of perceived environmental characteristics for understanding population PA. These results should encourage the use of comprehensive ecological models that incorporate variables beyond basic demographic information.
已有多项叙述性综述对研究身体活动（PA）与环境相关性的文献进行了分析。迄今为止，这些综述未能对观察到的关联提供明确的总结。本研究采用荟萃分析技术来计算选定环境特征与PA之间关联的总结。
通过电子数据库和个人文件搜索来识别已发表的研究。对研究进行审查以确定最常研究的环境结构。纳入的研究（N = 16）至少检查了一种确定的结构，并使用逻辑回归确定了感知环境结构与PA之间的关联。使用基于一般方差的固定效应模型分别对粗OR和调整后的OR进行数据分析。
使用粗OR时，环境特征与PA之间未出现显著关联。使用调整后的OR时，感知到存在PA设施（OR 1.20，95% 1.06 - 1.34）、人行道（OR 1.23，95% 1.13 - 1.32）、商店和服务（OR 1.30，95% 1.14 - 1.46）以及认为交通不是问题（OR 1.22，95% 1.08 - 1.37）与活动呈正相关。显著关联所解释的PA方差范围为4%（交通不拥堵不是问题）至7%（存在商店和服务）。
荟萃分析结果支持感知环境特征对于理解人群PA的相关性。这些结果应鼓励使用纳入基本人口统计学信息以外变量的综合生态模型。
