Garcia Bengoechea Enrique, Spence John C, McGannon Kerry R
Alberta Centre for Active Living, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation E-424 Van Vliet, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2005 Sep 13;2:12. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-2-12.
Limited research has been conducted on gender differences in perceived environmental correlates of physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to explore the potential role of gender in the link between perceived environment and PA.
Using a telephone-administered survey, data was collected on leisure time physical activity (LTPA), perceptions of the neighbourhood environment, and self-efficacy in a representative sample of 1209 adults from the province of Alberta, Canada. LTPA was regressed on ten measures of perceived neighbourhood environment and self-efficacy in a series of logistic regressions.
Women were more likely than men to perceive their neighbourhood as unsafe to go for walks at night (chi2 = 67.46, p < 0.001) and to report seeing people being active in their neighbourhood (chi2 = 6.73, p < 0.01). Conversely, women were less likely to perceive easy access to places for PA (chi2 = 11.50, p < 0.01) and availability of places to buy things within easy walking distance from home (chi2 = 4.30, p < 0.05). Adjusting for age, education, income, and place of residence, access to places for PA (OR = 2.49) and interesting things to look at in the neighbourhood (OR = 1.94), were associated with higher levels of LTPA in men. Access to places for PA (OR = 2.63) and reporting seeing people being active (OR = 1.50) were associated with increased LTPA among women. After controlling for sociodemographic variables and self-efficacy, the presence of shops and places to buy things within easy walking distance from home (OR = 1.73), interesting things to look at in the neighbourhood (OR = 1.65), and access to places for PA (OR = 1.82) were associated with higher levels of LTPA in men. Among women, no significant relationships were observed between perceived environment and LTPA after adjusting for self-efficacy.
The results provide additional support for the use of models in which gender is treated as a potential moderator of the link between the perceived environment and PA. Further, the results suggest the possibility of differential interventions to increase PA based on factors associated with gender.
关于身体活动（PA）的感知环境相关因素中的性别差异，所开展的研究有限。本研究的目的是探讨性别在感知环境与身体活动之间的联系中可能发挥的作用。
通过电话调查，收集了加拿大艾伯塔省1209名成年人的代表性样本在休闲时间身体活动（LTPA）、对邻里环境的感知以及自我效能方面的数据。在一系列逻辑回归分析中，将休闲时间身体活动对邻里环境感知和自我效能的十项指标进行回归分析。
女性比男性更有可能认为自己所在的社区在夜间行走不安全（卡方 = 67.46，p < 0.001），并且更有可能报告看到社区里有人在活动（卡方 = 6.73，p < 0.01）。相反，女性不太可能认为容易到达进行身体活动的场所（卡方 = 11.50，p < 0.01），以及不太可能认为离家步行距离内有购物场所（卡方 = 4.30，p < 0.05）。在对年龄、教育程度、收入和居住地点进行调整后，对男性而言，到达进行身体活动的场所（比值比 = 2.49）以及社区里有有趣的事物可看（比值比 = 1.94），与较高水平的休闲时间身体活动相关。对女性而言，到达进行身体活动的场所（比值比 = 2.63）以及报告看到有人在活动（比值比 = 1.50），与休闲时间身体活动增加相关。在控制了社会人口统计学变量和自我效能后，离家步行距离内有商店和购物场所（比值比 = 1.73）、社区里有有趣的事物可看（比值比 = 1.65）以及到达进行身体活动的场所（比值比 = 1.82），与男性较高水平的休闲时间身体活动相关。在女性中，调整自我效能后，未观察到感知环境与休闲时间身体活动之间存在显著关系。
研究结果为将性别视为感知环境与身体活动之间联系的潜在调节因素的模型提供了更多支持。此外，研究结果表明基于与性别相关的因素进行差异化干预以增加身体活动的可能性。
