Backs Richard W, da Silva Sergio P, Han Kyunghee
Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
Exp Aging Res. 2005 Oct-Dec;31(4):421-40. doi: 10.1080/03610730500206808.
Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) ratings were used to examine whether groups of 21 younger (M age = 20.02 years, SD = 2.28) and 21 older (M age = 66.26 years, SD = 5.64) adults had similar affective experiences to pictures from the International Affective Picture System (Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 1997). The psychometrics of the SAM valence and arousal scales were also compared across age groups. Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) was similar for younger and older adults, where both groups made less consistent valence ratings than arousal ratings. Both groups differed from the norms for valence for pleasant pictures, but were no more different from each other than they were from the norms. Age group differences were most evident in the pleasant region of the bivariate valence by arousal affective space, where younger adults found pleasant-aroused pictures to be more pleasant and arousing than older adults did. We suggest that this age group difference could be explained by greater affect intensity and surgency for the younger group and greater emotional control and leveling of positive affect for the older group.
使用自我评估人体模型（SAM）评分来检验21名较年轻成年人（年龄均值 = 20.02岁，标准差 = 2.28）和21名较年长成年人（年龄均值 = 66.26岁，标准差 = 5.64）对来自国际情感图片系统（Lang、Bradley和Cuthbert，1997）的图片是否有相似的情感体验。还比较了不同年龄组在SAM效价和唤醒量表上的心理测量学指标。较年轻和较年长成年人的内部一致性信度（克朗巴哈系数）相似，两组在效价评分上的一致性均低于唤醒评分。两组在愉悦图片的效价规范方面均存在差异，但彼此之间的差异并不比与规范之间的差异更大。年龄组差异在效价与唤醒情感空间的双变量愉悦区域最为明显，在该区域，较年轻成年人认为愉悦唤醒的图片比年长成年人认为的更愉悦且更具唤醒作用。我们认为，这种年龄组差异可以用较年轻组更高的情感强度和活力以及较年长组更强的情绪控制和积极情感的平稳化来解释。
