Vézina N, Courville J
Research-Action Group on Biology of Work (GRABIT), University of Québec, Montréal.
Women Health. 1992;18(3):97-118. doi: 10.1300/J013v18n03_07.
Jobs are often allocated according to sex, although this distribution is not always justified by biological differences between men and women. Ergonomic analysis of sex-typed jobs in a clothing factory and in a plastics factory revealed that the total weight lifted in women's jobs exceeded that in a typical male laborer's job. The characteristics of work organization and work rhythm also differed according to the sex to whom jobs were assigned: Muscular exertion was intense but sporadic with the men's jobs, moderate but continuous with the women's. Scientific study has not related characteristics of sex-typed jobs to differences between the sexes in average size and shape. However, analysis of two cases showed that average-sized women entering traditional men's jobs may be disadvantaged, if no thought is given to adjusting tools, equipment and work stations. Trying to do a job designed for larger, heavier people may cause health and safety problems. Any improvement in the conditions of these jobs to take into account a wider range of physical characteristics will benefit men as well as women.
工作分配常常依据性别进行，尽管这种分配并不总是基于男性和女性之间的生物学差异。对一家服装厂和一家塑料厂按性别划分的工作进行人体工程学分析发现，女性工作中举起的总重量超过了典型男性体力劳动者工作中的重量。工作组织和工作节奏的特点也因分配工作的性别不同而有所差异：男性工作中的肌肉用力强度大但不连续，女性工作中的肌肉用力强度适中但持续不断。科学研究尚未将按性别划分的工作特点与男女在平均体型和身材方面的差异联系起来。然而，对两个案例的分析表明，如果不考虑调整工具、设备和工作岗位，平均身材的女性从事传统男性工作可能会处于劣势。试图从事为体型更大、体重更重的人设计的工作可能会导致健康和安全问题。考虑到更广泛身体特征而对这些工作条件进行的任何改善都将使男性和女性都受益。
