创伤经历的长期后果：罗马尼亚前政治犯情况评估
Long-term consequences of traumatic experiences: an assessment of former political detainees in Romania.
作者信息
Bichescu Dana, Schauer Maggie, Saleptsi Evangelia, Neculau Adrian, Elbert Thomas, Neuner Frank
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Fach D-25, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.
出版信息
Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2005 Sep 26;1(1):17. doi: 10.1186/1745-0179-1-17.
BACKGROUND
Research has suggested that organized violence and torture have long-term psychological effects that persist throughout the lifespan. The present survey aimed at examining the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and other disorders and symptoms, all present in old age, as long-term consequences of politically motivated violence in a comparison design.
METHODS
A group of former political detainees (N = 59, mean age 73.5 years) who had been arrested by the Romanian communist regime were compared to an age- and gender-matched control group (N = 39). PTSD was assessed using a structured clinical interview (CIDI). The investigation of the clinical profile was further accomplished by self-rating measures for anxiety, depression, and health-related functioning, as well as by clinician-administrated interviews for substance abuse, dissociation, and somatization symptoms.
RESULTS
Lifetime prevalence of PTSD was 54%. In the case of participants left untreated, PTSD persisted, often over four decades, such that current PTSD was diagnosed still in a third of the survivors. Other clinical conditions such as somatization, substance abuse, dissociative disorders, and major depression were also common among the former political detainees and often associated with current PTSD.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that political detention may have long-term psychological consequences that outlast the changes in the political system.
背景
研究表明，有组织的暴力和酷刑具有长期的心理影响，会贯穿人的一生。本调查旨在通过比较设计，研究创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）以及其他在老年期出现的疾病和症状的患病率，这些都是出于政治动机的暴力行为的长期后果。
方法
将一组曾被罗马尼亚共产主义政权逮捕的前政治被拘留者（N = 59，平均年龄73.5岁）与一个年龄和性别匹配的对照组（N = 39）进行比较。使用结构化临床访谈（CIDI）评估PTSD。通过焦虑、抑郁和健康相关功能的自评量表，以及针对药物滥用、分离和躯体化症状的临床医生访谈，进一步完成临床特征调查。
结果
PTSD的终生患病率为54%。对于未接受治疗的参与者，PTSD持续存在，通常超过四十年，以至于仍有三分之一的幸存者被诊断为当前患有PTSD。其他临床病症，如躯体化、药物滥用、分离性障碍和重度抑郁症，在前政治被拘留者中也很常见，并且常常与当前的PTSD相关联。
结论
我们的研究结果表明，政治拘留可能会产生长期的心理后果，这些后果在政治体制变革后依然存在。
Zotero 插件