Kauvar David S, Wade Charles E
United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA.
Crit Care. 2005;9 Suppl 5(Suppl 5):S1-9. doi: 10.1186/cc3779. Epub 2005 Oct 7.
Trauma is a worldwide problem, with severe and wide ranging consequences for individuals and society as a whole. Hemorrhage is a major contributor to the dilemma of traumatic injury and its care. In this article we describe the international epidemiology of traumatic injury, its causes and its consequences, and closely examine the role played by hemorrhage in producing traumatic morbidity and mortality. Emphasis is placed on defining situations in which traditional methods of hemorrhage control often fail. We then outline and discuss modern principles in the management of traumatic hemorrhage and explore developing changes in these areas. We conclude with a discussion of outcome measures for the injured patient within the context of the epidemiology of traumatic injury.
创伤是一个全球性问题,对个人乃至整个社会都有着严重且广泛的影响。出血是创伤性损伤及其救治难题的主要因素。在本文中,我们描述了创伤性损伤的国际流行病学、其成因及后果,并深入研究出血在导致创伤性发病和死亡中所起的作用。重点在于明确传统出血控制方法常常失效的情况。接着,我们概述并讨论创伤性出血管理的现代原则,并探索这些领域正在发生的变化。最后,我们结合创伤性损伤的流行病学背景,讨论了受伤患者的预后指标。