Völzke H, Schwahn C, Kohlmann T, Kramer A, Robinson D M, John U, Meng W
Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Germany.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2005 Oct;113(9):507-15. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-865741.
Little information exists from formerly iodine-deficient areas regarding gender-specific risk factors for goiter and their synergisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate such gender-specific risk factors and their interactions in a large population-based sample.
The Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) comprised 4310 randomly selected participants, aged 20 - 79 years. SHIP was performed in a previously iodine-deficient region. Data from 3915 participants with no known thyroid disorders were analyzed. Goiter was determined by thyroid ultrasound. Sociodemographic characteristics, smoking and alcohol drinking habits, marital status, education level, urine thiocyanate concentrations, and specifically in women, parity and previous or current use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy, were considered as candidate risk factors for multivariable statistical tests. Only two variables, an advanced age and current smoking, were independently associated with an increased risk for goiter in both genders. Analyses further revealed specific risk factor profiles for goiter which were different among men, pre- and postmenopausal women.
We conclude that besides previous iodine deficiency, other risk factors for goiter exist which differ between gender. Among the avoidable risk factors, current smoking was strongly associated with the risk of goiter in men and women. These findings should influence activities which are intended to prevent thyroid disease.
关于甲状腺肿的性别特异性危险因素及其协同作用，来自既往缺碘地区的信息较少。本研究的目的是在一个基于人群的大样本中调查此类性别特异性危险因素及其相互作用。
波美拉尼亚健康研究（SHIP）包括4310名年龄在20 - 79岁之间的随机选取的参与者。SHIP在一个既往缺碘的地区进行。对3915名无已知甲状腺疾病的参与者的数据进行了分析。通过甲状腺超声确定甲状腺肿。社会人口学特征、吸烟和饮酒习惯、婚姻状况、教育水平、尿硫氰酸盐浓度，特别是在女性中，产次以及既往或目前使用口服避孕药和激素替代疗法，被视为多变量统计检验的候选危险因素。只有两个变量，即高龄和当前吸烟，与两性甲状腺肿风险增加独立相关。分析进一步揭示了男性、绝经前和绝经后女性甲状腺肿的特定危险因素谱。
我们得出结论，除了既往缺碘外，甲状腺肿还存在其他性别差异的危险因素。在可避免的危险因素中，当前吸烟与男性和女性的甲状腺肿风险密切相关。这些发现应影响旨在预防甲状腺疾病的活动。
