McGaw L J, Van der Merwe D, Eloff J N
Programme for Phytomedicine, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, Pretoria, South Africa.
Vet J. 2007 Mar;173(2):366-72. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.09.004. Epub 2005 Oct 18.
Many plants are used for ethnoveterinary purposes in South Africa, particularly in rural areas. Extracts of 17 plant species employed to treat infectious diseases were prepared using three solvents and the antibacterial activity of the extracts was determined against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria. Anthelmintic activity was evaluated against the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and toxicity was determined using the brine shrimp larval mortality test. Most of the plant extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity, with the best minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) being 0.1 mg mL(-1). More than a third of the extracts displayed anthelmintic activity. Toxic effects against brine shrimp larvae were shown by 30% of extracts, with the lowest LC(50) recorded as 0.6 mg mL(-1). The promising biological activity displayed by a number of plant extracts supports the ethnoveterinary use of these plants but in vivo tests are required to ascertain fully their medicinal properties and potential toxicity.
在南非，许多植物被用于民族兽医学目的，尤其是在农村地区。使用三种溶剂制备了用于治疗传染病的17种植物的提取物，并测定了提取物对两种革兰氏阳性菌和两种革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌活性。针对自由生活的线虫秀丽隐杆线虫评估了驱虫活性，并使用卤虫幼虫死亡率试验测定了毒性。大多数植物提取物表现出抗菌活性，最佳最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为0.1 mg mL(-1)。超过三分之一的提取物显示出驱虫活性。30%的提取物对卤虫幼虫有毒性作用，记录的最低半数致死浓度（LC(50)）为0.6 mg mL(-1)。许多植物提取物显示出的有前景的生物活性支持了这些植物在民族兽医学中的应用，但需要进行体内试验以全面确定它们的药用特性和潜在毒性。
