Holmes Melinda C, Sholl M Jeanne
Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3807, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2005 Sep;31(5):1069-87. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.31.5.1069.
R. F. Wang and E. S. Spelke's (2000) finding that disorientation disrupts knowledge is consistent with egocentric but not allocentric coding of object location. The present experiments tested the hypothesis that egocentric coding may dominate early on but that once an allocentric representation is established, then target location is retrieved from it. This hypothesis predicts that disorientation will disrupt configuration knowledge in a novel environment, such as that used by Wang and Spelke, but not in an overlearned environment. Experiments 1 and 2 tested whether disorientation disrupted configuration knowledge of an overlearned environment, and Experiments 3-7 tested whether disorientation disrupted configuration knowledge of a novel, room-sized environment. In none of the experiments did disorientation disrupt configuration knowledge. Hence, in addition to showing allocentric coding of overlearned interlandmark relations, the present findings are consistent with the immediate availability of allocentric location codes in a novel, room-sized environment.
R. F. 王和E. S. 斯佩尔克（2000年）的研究发现，迷失方向会扰乱知识，这与以自我为中心而非以他物为中心的物体位置编码是一致的。本实验检验了以下假设：以自我为中心的编码可能在早期占主导地位，但一旦建立了以他物为中心的表征，那么目标位置就会从中检索出来。这一假设预测，迷失方向会扰乱新环境中的构型知识，比如王和斯佩尔克所使用的环境，但不会扰乱过度学习环境中的构型知识。实验1和实验2检验了迷失方向是否会扰乱过度学习环境中的构型知识，实验3至实验7检验了迷失方向是否会扰乱一个新的、房间大小的环境中的构型知识。在所有实验中，迷失方向均未扰乱构型知识。因此，除了表明对过度学习的地标间关系进行了以他物为中心的编码外，本研究结果还与在一个新的、房间大小的环境中即时可用的以他物为中心的位置编码相一致。
