Switzer Galen E, Dew Mary Amanda, Harrington Donna J, Crowley-Matoka Megan, Myaskovsky Larissa, Abress Linda, Confer Dennis L
Center for Research on Health Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Transplantation. 2005 Oct 15;80(7):890-6. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000173648.60978.30.
Although the National Marrow Donor Program has been highly successful at recruiting ethnic minorities as potential hematopoietic stem cell donors, there have been no systematic investigations of whether donor characteristics that might be linked to the donation experience vary by ethnicity.
Questionnaires assessing four domains-demographic, volunteer-related, general psychosocial, and donation-related-were mailed to potential donors after they were contacted as a preliminary match for a patient and had agreed to donate. In all, 1,679 potential donors completed and returned a predonation questionnaire. Data from potential donors belonging to five major ethnic groups were analyzed; white, black, Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic, and Native American.
Bivariate analyses indicated that virtually all factors in the four domains were associated with ethnicity. Direct discriminant function analysis identified three significant functions. The most striking of the three functions indicated that Asian Americans were more highly educated, more ambivalent (reluctant about donation), more concerned (medical, work/family), and more anxious and depressed than all other ethnic groups. Key differences among other ethnic group members were also identified.
This study provides the first evidence of ethnic group differences in key predonation variables. Findings suggest that Asian/Pacific Islanders possess a number of characteristics that are known psychosocial risk factors for less positive postdonation outcomes and that more intensive pre and postdonation contact with this group may be necessary. Strategies for improving future research in this area are discussed.
尽管国家骨髓捐赠项目在招募少数族裔作为潜在造血干细胞捐赠者方面取得了巨大成功，但尚未对可能与捐赠经历相关的捐赠者特征是否因种族而异进行系统调查。
在作为患者的初步匹配对象并同意捐赠后，向潜在捐赠者邮寄评估四个领域（人口统计学、志愿者相关、一般心理社会和捐赠相关）的问卷。共有1679名潜在捐赠者完成并返回了捐赠前问卷。对属于五个主要种族群体（白人、黑人、亚太岛民、西班牙裔和美国原住民）的潜在捐赠者的数据进行了分析。
双变量分析表明，四个领域中的几乎所有因素都与种族有关。直接判别函数分析确定了三个显著函数。这三个函数中最引人注目的是，与所有其他种族群体相比，亚裔美国人受教育程度更高、矛盾心理更强（对捐赠不情愿）、更担心（医疗、工作/家庭）、焦虑和抑郁程度更高。还确定了其他种族群体成员之间的关键差异。
本研究首次证明了捐赠前关键变量存在种族差异。研究结果表明，亚太岛民具有一些已知的心理社会风险因素，这些因素会导致捐赠后结果不太理想，可能需要与该群体进行更密集的捐赠前和捐赠后接触。讨论了改进该领域未来研究的策略。
