Delichatsios Helen K, Welty Francine K
Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2005 Nov;7(6):446-54. doi: 10.1007/s11883-005-0061-x.
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and DASH-sodium trials were controlled feeding dietary trials that lowered blood pressure in the absence of weight loss. The beneficial aspect of DASH appears to be the low saturated fat content (< 7%). Sodium restriction added additional blood pressure lowering to the low saturated fat DASH diet. Sodium restriction was more effective with increasing age and more effective than increasing fruit and vegetable content. When achievement of sodium restriction, exercise, and weight loss goals were reached in the outpatient setting with subjects making their own food choices (as in the PREMIER study), adding the DASH diet with an average fruit and vegetable intake of 7.8 servings daily had no additional benefit in those younger than 50 years of age or in ethnic/gender subgroups, but did have a benefit for the total group older than age 50 years. Because many hypertensive subjects are overweight, hypocaloric versions of DASH geared toward weight loss are appropriate. Mechanisms for dietary beneficial effects are related to inflammation and insulin sensitivity.
终止高血压膳食疗法（DASH）和DASH-钠试验是对照喂养膳食试验，在未减重的情况下降低了血压。DASH的有益之处似乎在于其低饱和脂肪含量（<7%）。钠限制在低饱和脂肪的DASH饮食基础上进一步降低了血压。钠限制随着年龄增长效果更显著，且比增加水果和蔬菜含量更有效。当在门诊环境中让受试者自行选择食物（如在“首选项”研究中）实现钠限制、运动和减重目标时，对于50岁以下人群或种族/性别亚组，每日平均摄入7.8份水果和蔬菜的DASH饮食没有额外益处，但对于50岁以上的总人群确实有益。由于许多高血压患者超重，适合采用旨在减重的低热量DASH版本。饮食有益效果的机制与炎症和胰岛素敏感性有关。
