Sacks F M, Appel L J, Moore T J, Obarzanek E, Vollmer W M, Svetkey L P, Bray G A, Vogt T M, Cutler J A, Windhauser M M, Lin P H, Karanja N
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Clin Cardiol. 1999 Jul;22(7 Suppl):III6-10. doi: 10.1002/clc.4960221503.
Populations eating mainly vegetarian diets have lower blood pressure levels than those eating omnivorous diets. Epidemiologic findings suggest that eating fruits and vegetables lowers blood pressure.
Two hypotheses were tested: (1) that high intake of fruits and vegetables lowers blood pressure, and (2) that an overall dietary pattern (known as the DASH diet, or DASH combination diet) that is high in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and low-fat dairy products, emphasizes fish and chicken rather than red meat, and is low in saturated fat, cholesterol, sugar, and refined carbohydrate lowers blood pressure.
Participants were 459 adults with untreated systolic blood pressure < 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 80-95 mmHg. After a 3-week run-in on a control diet typical of Americans, they were randomized to 8 weeks receiving either the control diet, or a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, or the DASH diet. The participants were given all of their foods to eat, and body weight and sodium intake were held constant. Blood pressure was measured at the clinic and by 24-h ambulatory monitoring.
The DASH diet lowered systolic blood pressure significantly in the total group by 5.5/3.0 mmHg, in African Americans by 6.9/3.7 mmHg, in Caucasians by 3.3/2.4 mmHg, in hypertensives by 11.6/5.3 mmHg, and in nonhypertensives by 3.5/2.2 mmHg. The fruits and vegetables diet also reduced blood pressure in the same subgroups, but to a lesser extent. The DASH diet lowered blood pressure similarly throughout the day and night.
The DASH diet may offer an alternative to drug therapy in hypertensives and, as a population approach, may prevent hypertension, particularly in African Americans.
主要食用素食的人群血压水平低于杂食人群。流行病学研究结果表明，食用水果和蔬菜可降低血压。
对两个假设进行了检验：（1）高摄入水果和蔬菜可降低血压；（2）一种总体饮食模式（称为得舒饮食，或得舒组合饮食），富含水果、蔬菜、坚果和低脂乳制品，强调食用鱼肉和鸡肉而非红肉，且饱和脂肪、胆固醇、糖和精制碳水化合物含量低，可降低血压。
参与者为459名未接受治疗的成年人，收缩压<160 mmHg，舒张压80 - 95 mmHg。在按照典型美国对照饮食进行3周的适应期后，他们被随机分为三组，分别接受8周的对照饮食、富含水果和蔬菜的饮食或得舒饮食。为参与者提供所有食物，并保持体重和钠摄入量不变。在诊所测量血压，并通过24小时动态监测。
得舒饮食使总人群的收缩压显著降低5.5/3.0 mmHg，非裔美国人降低6.9/3.7 mmHg，白种人降低3.3/2.4 mmHg，高血压患者降低11.6/5.3 mmHg，非高血压患者降低3.5/2.2 mmHg。水果和蔬菜饮食在相同亚组中也降低了血压，但程度较小。得舒饮食在白天和夜间同样降低血压。
得舒饮食可能为高血压患者提供药物治疗的替代方案，并且作为一种人群策略，可能预防高血压，尤其是在非裔美国人中。
