Castaneda Carmen, Janssen Ian
Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Dept of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Ethn Dis. 2005 Autumn;15(4):664-70.
To examine the association between obesity and low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) with type 2 diabetes and poor glycemic control, and to determine whether these associations varied by ethnicity.
DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) was used (5,727 adults, 40-74 years of age: 26% Mexican Americans, 25% non-Hispanic Blacks, and 49% non-Hispanic Whites).
Sarcopenia was defined as a skeletal muscle [SM(kg)/ height(m2)] <1 standard deviation below the young adult mean. Obesity was defined as waist circumference >102 cm in men and >88 cm in women.
The prevalence of diabetes was 40% higher in Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic Blacks or Whites (P<.05). The lowest prevalence of obesity and sarcopenia were observed in Mexican Americans (except for obesity in women). Independent of ethnicity, subjects with a high waist circumference were more likely to have diabetes and poor glycemic control (P<.05). These associations were strongest in non-Hispanic Whites. Conversely, sarcopenia was not associated with diabetes or poor glycemic control in any ethnic group.
Although the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was highest in Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic Whites exhibited the highest prevalence of obesity and sarcopenia. The role of genetically based, ethnic differences in body composition and diabetes risk needs to be taken into account when developing clinical guidelines such as the waist circumference cutpoints used in this study.
研究肥胖和低相对骨骼肌质量（肌肉减少症）与2型糖尿病及血糖控制不佳之间的关联，并确定这些关联是否因种族而异。
设计、地点、参与者：使用了第三次全国健康和营养检查调查（NHANES III）的数据（5727名40 - 74岁的成年人：26%为墨西哥裔美国人，25%为非西班牙裔黑人，49%为非西班牙裔白人）。
肌肉减少症定义为骨骼肌[SM(kg)/身高(m2)]低于年轻成年人平均值1个标准差。肥胖定义为男性腰围>102 cm，女性腰围>88 cm。
墨西哥裔美国人的糖尿病患病率比非西班牙裔黑人和白人高40%（P<.05）。墨西哥裔美国人中肥胖和肌肉减少症的患病率最低（女性肥胖情况除外）。无论种族如何，腰围高的受试者更易患糖尿病且血糖控制不佳（P<.05）。这些关联在非西班牙裔白人中最为强烈。相反，在任何种族群体中，肌肉减少症与糖尿病或血糖控制不佳均无关联。
尽管2型糖尿病患病率在墨西哥裔美国人中最高，但非西班牙裔白人的肥胖和肌肉减少症患病率最高。在制定临床指南（如本研究中使用的腰围切点）时，需要考虑基于遗传的种族差异在身体组成和糖尿病风险中的作用。
