Reilly T, Wooler A, Tipton M
Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
Occup Med (Lond). 2006 Jan;56(1):6-11. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqi169. Epub 2005 Nov 7.
Although similar standards exist internationally to select beach lifeguards (BLGs), these are generally not based on a task analysis. To reduce the likelihood of drowning, a BLG should reach a casualty within 3.5 min (210 s).
To quantify the physical demands of the most critical generic tasks undertaken by BLGs.
A survey of 91 BLGs identified sea swimming while towing a casualty, board paddling with a casualty, and casualty handling as the most demanding activities. Performance during beach running (200 m), swimming in the sea (200 m), board paddling in the sea (400 m), swimming in a pool (200 m freestyle and 25 m underwater with 25 m return) and simulated casualty handling were measured.
The median area at sea patrolled by paddling and swimming was 400 m. The mean 200-m sea swim time was 3.1 min or 188 s (SD = 46 s) and 95% of the BLGs were able to swim 200 m in 3.5 min (n = 22). The mean time to paddle 400 m was 3.8 min or 226 s (SD = 35 s) and 30% of the BLGs were able to paddle 400 m in 3.5 min (n = 23). The 5th percentile paddling speed was 1.38 m/s, therefore, 95% of the BLGs tested should be able to paddle 289 m in 3.5 min.
If only a rescue board is available, the area out to sea patrolled by a lifeguard should be reduced from 400 m to 300 m.
尽管国际上存在类似的选拔海滩救生员（BLG）的标准，但这些标准通常并非基于任务分析。为降低溺水可能性，海滩救生员应在3.5分钟（210秒）内抵达伤员处。
量化海滩救生员执行的最关键通用任务的体力需求。
对91名海滩救生员进行调查，确定拖带伤员时在海中游泳、与伤员一起划桨板以及处理伤员是要求最高的活动。测量了在海滩跑步（200米）、在海中游泳（200米）、在海中划桨板（400米）、在泳池游泳（200米自由泳和25米水下加25米返回）以及模拟处理伤员时的表现。
通过划桨板和游泳巡逻的海域中位数面积为400米。200米海中游泳的平均时间为3.1分钟或188秒（标准差=46秒），95%的海滩救生员能够在3.5分钟内游完200米（n=22）。划桨板400米的平均时间为3.8分钟或226秒（标准差=35秒），30%的海滩救生员能够在3.5分钟内划完400米（n=23）。划桨板速度的第5百分位数为1.38米/秒，因此，95%接受测试的海滩救生员应能够在3.5分钟内划行289米。
如果只有一块救援板，救生员在海上巡逻的区域应从400米减少到300米。
