Rauh Mitchell J, Koepsell Thomas D, Rivara Frederick P, Margherita Anthony J, Rice Stephen G
Graduate Program in Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, UT 84601, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 2006 Jan 15;163(2):151-9. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwj022. Epub 2005 Nov 23.
To determine the incidence of lower-extremity injury among high school cross-country runners and to identify risk factors for injury, the authors prospectively monitored a cohort of 421 runners competing on 23 cross-country teams in 12 Seattle, Washington, high schools during the 1996 cross-country season. Collected were daily injury and athletic exposure (AE) reports, a baseline questionnaire on prior running and injury experience, anthropometric measurements, and coaches' training logs. The overall incidence rate of injury was 17.0/1,000 AEs. Girls had a significantly higher overall injury rate (19.6/1,000 AEs) than boys did (15.0/1,000 AEs) (incidence rate ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 1.6). Compared with boys, girls had significantly higher rates of injuries resulting in >or=15 days of disability. For the overall sample and for girls, Cox regression revealed that a quadriceps angle of >or=20 degrees and an injury during summer running prior to the season were the most important predictors of injury. For boys, a quadriceps angle of >or=15 degrees and a history of multiple running injuries were most associated with injury. Results suggest that the incidence of lower-extremity injuries is high for cross-country runners, especially girls. Preseason screening to determine risk factors should be examined as a preventive approach for identifying high-risk runners.
为了确定高中越野赛跑运动员下肢损伤的发生率，并找出损伤的风险因素，作者在1996年越野赛季前瞻性地监测了华盛顿州西雅图市12所高中的23支越野队中的421名赛跑运动员。收集了每日损伤和运动暴露（AE）报告、一份关于既往跑步和损伤经历的基线调查问卷、人体测量数据以及教练的训练日志。损伤的总体发生率为每1000次运动暴露中出现17.0次损伤。女孩的总体损伤率（每1000次运动暴露中出现19.6次损伤）显著高于男孩（每1000次运动暴露中出现15.0次损伤）（发生率比值=1.3，95%置信区间：1.0，1.6）。与男孩相比，女孩因损伤导致≥15天残疾的发生率显著更高。对于总体样本和女孩，Cox回归显示，股四头肌角度≥20度以及赛季前夏季跑步时的损伤是最重要的损伤预测因素。对于男孩，股四头肌角度≥15度以及多次跑步损伤史与损伤关联最大。结果表明，越野赛跑运动员下肢损伤的发生率很高，尤其是女孩。应考虑将赛季前筛查以确定风险因素作为识别高风险赛跑运动员的一种预防方法。
