Gobbi A W, Francisco R A, Tuy B, Kvitne R S
Orthopaedic Arthroscopic Surgery International, Milan, Italy.
Br J Sports Med. 2005 Dec;39(12):927-31; discussion 931. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2005.018291.
The study aims to analyse the physiological characteristics of top level off-road motocross, enduro, and desert rally motorcyclists to facilitate the design of a specific training program.
Twenty seven off-road top level riders participated in this study which measured anthropometric data, maximum aerobic power with incremental tests of both arms and legs, isokinetic dynamometry of the knee and elbow, handgrip strength, heart rate, and blood lactate concentrations during competition.
The physical demands of the various races appear to influence the development of distinct musculoskeletal characteristics, as well as aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Motocross riders have more muscle mass, higher isokinetic handgrip strength, and greater aerobic power than enduro and desert rally riders. However, there are no significant anthropometric and physiological differences between desert rally and enduro riders. Desert rally riders tend to be overweight with maximum aerobic power similar to that of healthy individuals. The mechanical characteristics of the motorcycle and the technical and tactical skills of the riders seem to be more important for race success than the metabolic capabilities of the rider.
Desert rally and enduro riders present similar anthropometric and physiological characteristics. Both have a maximum aerobic power similar to that of healthy normal individuals, although desert rally riders tend to be overweight. Motocross riders on the other hand, have more muscle mass, more strength, and greater aerobic power. The differences observed suggest the need for a specific training program to address the requirements of different riders to reduce the possibility of injury.
本研究旨在分析顶级越野摩托车赛、耐力赛和沙漠拉力赛摩托车手的生理特征，以促进特定训练计划的设计。
27名顶级越野车手参与了本研究，研究测量了人体测量数据、通过双臂和双腿递增测试得出的最大有氧功率、膝关节和肘关节的等速肌力测试、握力、心率以及比赛期间的血乳酸浓度。
各类比赛的体能需求似乎会影响不同肌肉骨骼特征以及有氧和无氧代谢的发展。与耐力赛和沙漠拉力赛车手相比，越野摩托车赛车手有更多的肌肉量、更高的等速握力和更大的有氧功率。然而，沙漠拉力赛车手和耐力赛车手在人体测量和生理方面没有显著差异。沙漠拉力赛车手往往超重，其最大有氧功率与健康个体相似。对于比赛成功而言，摩托车的机械特性以及车手的技术和战术技能似乎比车手的代谢能力更重要。
沙漠拉力赛车手和耐力赛车手呈现出相似的人体测量和生理特征。两者的最大有氧功率都与健康正常个体相似，尽管沙漠拉力赛车手往往超重。另一方面，越野摩托车赛车手有更多的肌肉量、更强的力量和更大的有氧功率。观察到的差异表明需要一个特定的训练计划来满足不同车手的需求，以降低受伤的可能性。
