Rodriguez Manuel J, Sérodes Jean
Ecole Supérieure d'Aménagement du Territoire, Université Laval, Laval.
Environ Monit Assess. 2005 Nov;110(1-3):323-40. doi: 10.1007/s10661-005-8042-7.
Occurrence of halogenated disinfection by-products (DBPs) (trihalomethanes -THMs- and haloacetic acids -HAAs-) in the waters of two utilities in Quebec City (Canada) was investigated using two approaches: experimental chlorination studies and full-scale sampling within distribution systems. Experimental studies were designed to reproduce treatment plant and distribution system conditions (chlorine dose, water temperature, pH and water residence time). Differences in halogenated DBPs in the two distribution systems under study were significant and comparable to those observed in experimental laboratory studies. For the waters of both utilities, chlorination studies better reproduced the occurrence of halogenated DBPs in points of the distribution system located near the treatment plant (low residence time of water) than in other points. Multivariate regression models for THMs, HAAs and their species were developed using the data from experimental studies in order to predict halogenated DBP levels measured in the distribution system. Models were all statistically significant, but showed low ability to predict full-scale halogenated DBPs, particularly in points located at distribution system extremities. Specifically, experimental chlorination-based models are not able to simulate the decrease of HAA levels. Results of this research suggest that the use of experimental data to predict halogenated DBP levels in full-scale distribution systems - for operational, regulatory and epidemiological purposes - must be done with caution.
采用两种方法对加拿大魁北克市两家公用事业公司供水系统中的卤代消毒副产物（DBPs）（三卤甲烷 - THMs - 和卤乙酸 - HAAs -）的生成情况进行了调查：实验氯化研究和在配水系统内进行的全规模采样。实验研究旨在重现处理厂和配水系统的条件（氯剂量、水温、pH值和水停留时间）。所研究的两个配水系统中卤代DBPs的差异显著，且与实验室实验研究中观察到的差异相当。对于两家公用事业公司的水，氯化研究在重现处理厂附近配水系统点（水停留时间短）中卤代DBPs的生成情况方面，比在其他点表现更好。利用实验研究数据建立了THMs、HAAs及其种类的多元回归模型，以预测在配水系统中测得的卤代DBP水平。模型均具有统计学意义，但预测全规模卤代DBPs的能力较低，尤其是在配水系统末端的点。具体而言，基于实验氯化的模型无法模拟HAA水平的下降。本研究结果表明，出于运营、监管和流行病学目的，使用实验数据预测全规模配水系统中卤代DBP水平时必须谨慎。
