Källén B A, Robert E
Tornblad Institute, University of Lund, S-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
Reprod Toxicol. 2000 Jul-Aug;14(4):303-9. doi: 10.1016/s0890-6238(00)00086-1.
By using the Swedish Medical Birth Registry and official data on drinking water chlorination, three cohorts were identified and compared: women who lived in areas where drinking water was disinfected with chlorine dioxide, women who lived in areas that used sodium hypochlorite disinfection, and women who lived in areas where there was no chlorination of the drinking water. There was a statistically significant increase in short gestational duration and low birth weight and especially in short body length and very small head circumference in areas using sodium hypochlorite, but no significant effects on these variables were found in areas using chlorine dioxide. No effects on congenital malformations, childhood cancer, infant mortality, low Apgar score, neonatal jaundice, or neonatal hypothyroidism were associated with either of the two drinking water chlorination methods. Because the exposure information in this study was based on the chlorination method and not the amount of byproducts in the water, the general lack of significant effects could be due to a low concentration of such byproducts.
通过使用瑞典医学出生登记处的数据以及饮用水氯化处理的官方数据，确定并比较了三组人群：居住在使用二氧化氯对饮用水进行消毒地区的女性、居住在使用次氯酸钠消毒地区的女性，以及居住在饮用水未进行氯化处理地区的女性。在使用次氯酸钠的地区，妊娠期短和低出生体重有统计学意义的增加，尤其是身长较短和头围非常小的情况，但在使用二氧化氯的地区未发现这些变量有显著影响。两种饮用水氯化处理方法均未发现与先天性畸形、儿童癌症、婴儿死亡率、阿氏评分低、新生儿黄疸或新生儿甲状腺功能减退有关。由于本研究中的暴露信息基于氯化处理方法而非水中副产物的含量，普遍缺乏显著影响可能是由于此类副产物浓度较低。
