Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, and Department of Microbiology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Nov;58(11):3472-81. doi: 10.1128/aem.58.11.3472-3481.1992.
Three new sulfur- or non-sulfur-dependent archaeal isolates, including a Pyrococcus strain, from Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vents (Gulf of California; depth, 2,010 m) were characterized and physiologically compared with four known hyperthermophiles, previously isolated from other vent sites, with an emphasis on growth and survival under the conditions particular to the natural habitat. Incubation under in situ pressure (200 atm [1 atm = 101.29 kPa]) did not increase the maximum growth temperature by more than 1 degrees C for any of the organisms but did result in increases in growth rates of up to 15% at optimum growth temperatures. At in situ pressure, temperatures considerably higher than those limiting growth (i.e., > 105 degrees C) were survived best by isolates with the highest maximum growth temperatures, but none of the organisms survived at temperatures of 150 degrees C or higher for 5 min. Free oxygen was toxic to all isolates at growth range temperatures, but at ambient deep-sea temperature (3 to 4 degrees C), the effect varied in different isolates, the non-sulfur-dependent isolate being the most oxygen tolerant. Hyperthermophiles could be isolated from refrigerated and oxygenated samples after 5 years of storage. Cu, Zn, and Pb ions were found to be toxic under nongrowth conditions (absence of organic substrate), with the non-sulfur-dependent isolate again being the most tolerant.
从加利福尼亚湾瓜伊马斯盆地热液喷口（深度 2010 米）的硫或非硫依赖型古细菌中分离出三个新的菌株，包括一株 Pyrococcus 菌株，并对其进行了特性分析和生理学比较，这些菌株与之前从其他喷口分离出的四种已知的嗜热菌进行了比较，重点是在特定于自然栖息地的条件下生长和存活。在原位压力（200 大气压 [1 大气压 = 101.29 kPa]）下孵育，任何生物体的最大生长温度都不会增加超过 1°C，但在最适生长温度下，生长速度可提高高达 15%。在原位压力下，最高生长温度最高的分离株能最好地耐受比生长限制温度（即 >105°C）高得多的温度，但没有一种生物能在 150°C或更高的温度下存活 5 分钟。在生长范围内的温度下，所有分离株的游离氧都具有毒性，但在环境深海温度（3 至 4°C）下，不同分离株的影响不同，非硫依赖型分离株的耐氧性最强。在冷藏和充氧的样品中，经过 5 年的储存后仍可分离到嗜热菌。在非生长条件（无有机底物）下，Cu、Zn 和 Pb 离子被发现具有毒性，而非硫依赖型分离株的耐受性最强。
