Miller M W, Phaff H J
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California.
Appl Microbiol. 1962 Sep;10(5):394-400. doi: 10.1128/am.10.5.394-400.1962.
Smyrna-type (Calimyrna) figs have essentially sterile internal tissue until visited by the pollinating fig wasp, Blastophaga psenes, which introduces a specific microflora consisting of Candida guilliermondii var. carpophila and Serratia plymuthica. This flora persists and develops in numbers throughout the ripening period until maturity of the fruit. These organisms do not cause spoilage. The presence of C. guilliermondii var. carpophila appears to increase the attractiveness of the fruit to drosophilae. Drosophila (mainly D. melanogaster) carry spoilage yeasts and bacteria on their exterior body parts, and introduce these organisms during ovipositing in the fruit cavity. The spoilage yeasts consist almost entirely of apiculate yeasts (Hanseniaspora valbyensis, H. uvarum, and Kloeckera apiculata) and of Torulopsis stellata, which cause active fermentative spoilage. Spoilage bacteria (primarily Acetobacter melanogenus) are also introduced with the yeasts. Organic acids are produced by these yeasts as well as by the Acetobacter. A number of minor spoilage yeasts were also identified.
士麦那型（卡利米尔纳型）无花果在被传粉榕小蜂——无花果小蜂（Blastophaga psenes）访花之前，其内部组织基本不育。无花果小蜂会引入一种特定的微生物群落，该群落由嗜果假丝酵母（Candida guilliermondii var. carpophila）和普利茅斯沙雷氏菌（Serratia plymuthica）组成。在果实成熟期间，这种微生物群持续存在并大量繁殖。这些微生物不会导致果实腐败。嗜果假丝酵母似乎会增加果实对果蝇的吸引力。果蝇（主要是黑腹果蝇）在其体表携带腐败酵母和细菌，并在向果实腔中产卵时引入这些微生物。腐败酵母几乎完全由柠檬形酵母（瓦尔比汉逊酵母（Hanseniaspora valbyensis）、葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母（H. uvarum）和柠檬形克勒克酵母（Kloeckera apiculata））以及星状球拟酵母（Torulopsis stellata）组成，它们会导致活跃的发酵性腐败。腐败细菌（主要是产黑色素醋杆菌（Acetobacter melanogenus））也与酵母一同被引入。这些酵母以及醋杆菌都会产生有机酸。还鉴定出了一些次要的腐败酵母。
