Shukla Sanjeev, Gupta Sanjay
Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
Nutr Cancer. 2005;53(1):18-32. doi: 10.1207/s15327914nc5301_3.
Nutritional factors have been estimated to contribute 20-60% of cancers around the globe, and almost one-third of deaths are being reported in Western countries. According to estimates by the American Cancer Society, during the year 2005 about 232,090 new cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed alone in the United States and 30,350 men will die of this disease. The high incidence and long latency period of prostate cancer offer plenty of time to pursue strategies toward prevention and/or treatment to suppress or revert this disease. Epidemiological evidence suggests that plant-based dietary agents decrease the risk of some types of human cancer, including prostate cancer. Intake of 400-600 g/day of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced risk of several cancers. The use of micronutrients and/or other phenolic agents in the diet or synthetic exogenous supplements to prevent neoplastic transformation of normal cells or to slow the progression of established malignant changes in cancer cells is termed "chemoprevention." Considerable attention has been devoted to identify plant-based dietary agents that may serve as natural inhibitors of prostate carcinogenesis. Much progress has been made in the last decade in this area of investigation through identification of pathways that play important roles in prostate tumorigenesis. This article summarizes epidemiological, clinical, and mechanistic studies and the significance of plant-derived dietary agents such as flavonoids, indoles, isothiocyanates, phenolics, monoterpenes, and complementary and alternative agents in the management of prostate cancer with recommendations for future studies to advance this area of research.
据估计，营养因素在全球范围内导致了20%至60%的癌症发生，在西方国家，几乎三分之一的死亡病例与此有关。根据美国癌症协会的估计，2005年美国仅前列腺癌新确诊病例就约有232,090例，30,350名男性将死于该疾病。前列腺癌的高发病率和长潜伏期为采取预防和/或治疗策略以抑制或逆转这种疾病提供了充足的时间。流行病学证据表明，以植物为基础的膳食成分可降低包括前列腺癌在内的某些类型人类癌症的风险。每天摄入400 - 600克水果和蔬菜与多种癌症风险降低相关。在饮食中使用微量营养素和/或其他酚类成分或合成外源补充剂来预防正常细胞的肿瘤转化或减缓癌细胞中已确立的恶性变化的进展，这被称为“化学预防”。人们相当关注确定可能作为前列腺癌发生天然抑制剂的以植物为基础的膳食成分。在过去十年中，通过确定在前列腺肿瘤发生中起重要作用的途径，该研究领域取得了很大进展。本文总结了流行病学、临床和机制研究，以及黄酮类化合物、吲哚、异硫氰酸盐、酚类、单萜类等植物源性膳食成分和补充剂及替代剂在前列腺癌管理中的意义，并对推进该研究领域的未来研究提出了建议。
