Cherpitel Cheryl J, Bond Jason, Ye Yu
Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group, Berkeley, Calif, USA.
Eur Addict Res. 2006;12(1):42-52. doi: 10.1159/000088582.
While emergency room (ER) studies have documented a strong association of alcohol and injury, less is known about the level of risk at which various quantities of alcohol or particular patterns of drinking place the individual for injury. Comparative risk function analyses are carried out in ER samples in seven countries that cover sites in 14 studies included in the Emergency Room Collaborative Alcohol Analysis Project (ERCAAP). Risk of injury is analyzed for the mean number of drinks consumed per day and the number of occasions in which 5 or more drinks were consumed at one time (5+) during the last year. All countries showed similar increases in injury risk to an average volume of about 2 drinks per day, with a leveling off of risk at higher average daily volumes, with the exception of Italy. Risk of injury increased to 12 or more 5+ days for the USA, Canada and Mexico, but leveled off after only 3 5+ days for Argentina and Spain. Poland showed increased risk to 30 5+ days. Similar risk curves were found for both males and females, although females were at lower risk of injury in all countries expect Spain and Poland. In low detrimental drinking pattern societies, risk curves showed higher risk for any drinking and any frequency of 5+ but at higher levels of each, risk levels decreased nearly to levels found for abstainers. Risk functions were also consistent across gender and age groups in low detrimental drinking pattern societies, with higher risk for males and those <30. For those countries with high detrimental drinking patterns, injury risk increased with volume and 5+ drinking primarily among males. This ER-based risk function analysis suggests that risk of injury increases proportionally with increased alcohol consumption at lower consumption levels, but a threshold effect is achieved at relatively low levels of mean daily consumption and higher consumption times. Risk may be culturally specific, dependent, in part, on the manner in which alcohol is used in the culture.
虽然急诊室（ER）研究已证明酒精与伤害之间存在密切关联，但对于不同饮酒量或特定饮酒模式会使个体面临何种伤害风险水平，人们了解得较少。在七个国家的急诊室样本中开展了比较风险函数分析，这些国家涵盖了急诊室协作酒精分析项目（ERCAAP）中14项研究的地点。分析了去年每天平均饮酒量以及一次性饮用5杯及以上（5+）的次数与伤害风险之间的关系。除意大利外，所有国家的伤害风险均随平均每天饮酒量增加至约2杯时出现类似增长，在更高的日均饮酒量时风险趋于平稳。美国、加拿大和墨西哥，伤害风险在出现12次及以上5+饮酒日时增加，但阿根廷和西班牙在仅出现3次5+饮酒日后风险就趋于平稳。波兰的伤害风险在出现30次5+饮酒日时增加。男性和女性的风险曲线相似，不过在除西班牙和波兰外的所有国家，女性的伤害风险较低。在低有害饮酒模式社会中，风险曲线显示，任何饮酒行为以及任何频率的5+饮酒行为都有较高风险，但在每种行为的更高水平时，风险水平几乎降至戒酒者的水平。在低有害饮酒模式社会中，风险函数在性别和年龄组之间也保持一致，男性和30岁以下人群风险更高。对于那些有害饮酒模式较高的国家，伤害风险随饮酒量增加以及主要在男性中的5+饮酒行为而增加。这种基于急诊室的风险函数分析表明，在较低消费水平下，伤害风险随酒精摄入量增加而成比例增加，但在相对较低的日均消费量和较高的饮酒次数时会达到阈值效应。风险可能具有文化特异性，部分取决于文化中使用酒精的方式。
