Khaiboullina Svetlana F, Morzunov S P, St Jeor Stephen C
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Cell and Molecular Biology Program, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
Curr Mol Med. 2005 Dec;5(8):773-90. doi: 10.2174/156652405774962317.
Hantaviruses are tri-segmented negative sense single stranded RNA viruses that belong to the family Bunyaviridae. In nature, hantaviruses are exclusively maintained in the populations of their specific rodent hosts. In their natural host species, hantaviruses usually develop a persistent infection with prolonged virus shedding in excreta. Humans become infected by inhaling virus contaminated aerosol. Unlike asymptomatic infection in rodents, hantaviruses cause two acute febrile diseases in humans: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). The mortality rate varies from 0.1% to 40% depending on the virus involved. Hantaviruses are distributed world wide, with over 150,000 HFRS and HPS cases being registered annually. In this review we summarize current knowledge on hantavirus molecular biology, epidemiology, genetic diversity and co-evolution with rodent hosts. In addition, special attention was given in this review to describing clinical manifestation of HFRS and HPS, and advances in our current understanding of the host immune response, treatment, and prevention.
汉坦病毒是一种分节段的单股负链RNA病毒，属于布尼亚病毒科。在自然界中，汉坦病毒仅在其特定啮齿动物宿主种群中维持传播。在其自然宿主物种中，汉坦病毒通常会引发持续性感染，并在排泄物中长期排出病毒。人类通过吸入被病毒污染的气溶胶而感染。与在啮齿动物中引起无症状感染不同，汉坦病毒在人类中会引发两种急性发热性疾病：肾综合征出血热（HFRS）和汉坦病毒肺综合征（HPS）。根据所涉及的病毒不同，死亡率在0.1%至40%之间。汉坦病毒分布于世界各地，每年有超过15万例肾综合征出血热和汉坦病毒肺综合征病例被登记。在本综述中，我们总结了关于汉坦病毒分子生物学、流行病学、遗传多样性以及与啮齿动物宿主共同进化的现有知识。此外，本综述特别关注了肾综合征出血热和汉坦病毒肺综合征的临床表现，以及我们目前对宿主免疫反应、治疗和预防的理解进展。
