Romeo Maria Anele, Tofani Silvia, Lapa Daniele, Mija Cosmina, Maggi Fabrizio, Scicluna Maria Teresa, Nardini Roberto
Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
Virology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy.
Viruses. 2025 Apr 26;17(5):622. doi: 10.3390/v17050622.
Orthohantavirus infection is a rodent-to-human zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution, resulting in more than 200,000 cases per year. Human infection leads to two diseases, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, with mortality rates ranging from 1% to 38%. Apart from the data on cases presenting obvious clinical symptoms, the true prevalence is poorly understood, especially in the occupational groups considered to be at risk of exposure. As there is currently no approved therapy or vaccine, surveillance is essential to locate the presumed site of infection following orthohantavirus outbreaks in order to control the spread of infection. To this end, the use of rapid diagnostic tools is essential to rapidly provide data on viral circulation. This review focuses mainly on the available diagnostic methods, both serological and biomolecular, and the surveillance systems used for orthohantaviruses. The information gathered could provide a valid basis for the implementation of further surveillance systems in a country lacking up-to-date data.
正汉坦病毒感染是一种由啮齿动物传播给人类的人畜共患病，在全球范围内均有分布，每年导致超过20万例病例。人类感染会引发两种疾病，即肾综合征出血热和汉坦病毒心肺综合征，死亡率在1%至38%之间。除了有明显临床症状的病例数据外，人们对实际流行情况了解甚少，尤其是在被认为有接触风险的职业群体中。由于目前尚无获批的治疗方法或疫苗，监测对于在正汉坦病毒爆发后确定假定的感染地点以控制感染传播至关重要。为此，使用快速诊断工具对于迅速提供病毒传播数据至关重要。本综述主要关注现有的血清学和生物分子诊断方法以及用于正汉坦病毒的监测系统。收集到的信息可为在缺乏最新数据的国家实施进一步的监测系统提供有效依据。
