Toplak Maggie E, Dockstader Colleen, Tannock Rosemary
Brain and Behaviour Research Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
J Neurosci Methods. 2006 Feb 15;151(1):15-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.09.018. Epub 2005 Dec 27.
The ability to perceive and represent time is a fundamental but complex cognitive skill that allows us to perceive and organize sequences of events and actions, and to anticipate or predict when future events will occur. It is a multidimensional construct, and a variety of methods have been used to understand timing performance in ADHD samples, which makes it difficult to integrate findings across studies. While further replication is needed, growing evidence links ADHD to problems in several aspects of temporal information processing, including duration discrimination, duration reproduction, and finger tapping. Neuroimaging studies of ADHD have also implicated cerebellar, basal ganglia, and prefrontal regions of the brain, which are believed to subserve temporal information processing. This line of research implicates more basic cognitive mechanisms than previously linked with ADHD and challenges researchers to develop and utilize innovative, multidisciplinary, scientific methods to dissect the various components of temporal information processing. Recent advances in neuroimaging, such as magnetoencephalography in collaboration with structural magnetic resonance imaging, can discriminate temporal processing at the level of a millisecond. This approach can lay the groundwork to provide a more precise understanding of neural network activity during different aspects and stages of temporal information processing in ADHD.
感知和表征时间的能力是一项基本但复杂的认知技能，它使我们能够感知和组织事件及行动的序列，并预测未来事件何时会发生。它是一个多维度的概念，已经使用了多种方法来理解多动症样本中的时间表现，这使得整合不同研究的结果变得困难。虽然还需要进一步的重复研究，但越来越多的证据将多动症与时间信息处理的几个方面的问题联系起来，包括时长辨别、时长再现和手指敲击。对多动症的神经影像学研究也涉及到大脑的小脑、基底神经节和前额叶区域，这些区域被认为参与时间信息处理。这一系列研究涉及到比以前与多动症相关的更基本的认知机制，并促使研究人员开发和利用创新的、多学科的科学方法来剖析时间信息处理的各个组成部分。神经影像学的最新进展，如与结构磁共振成像协作的脑磁图，可以在毫秒水平上区分时间处理。这种方法可以为更精确地理解多动症患者在时间信息处理的不同方面和阶段的神经网络活动奠定基础。
