Hess U, Kappas A, McHugo G J, Lanzetta J T, Kleck R E
University of Geneva, Switzerland.
Int J Psychophysiol. 1992 May;12(3):251-65. doi: 10.1016/0167-8760(92)90064-i.
Twenty-seven female undergraduates completed three tasks: (1) feel four emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, peacefulness); (2) express these emotions, without trying to feel them; and (3) feel and express clearly these four emotions. During each trial subjects pressed a button to indicate when they had reached the required state, and the latency from emotion cue to button press was measured. Heart rate, skin conductance and EMG from four facial sites (brow, cheek, jaw and mouth) were recorded for 15 s before and after the button press and during a baseline period prior to each trial. Self-reports were obtained after each trial. Facial EMG and patterns of autonomic arousal differentiated among the four emotions within each task. Shorter self-generation latency in the Feel-and-Show versus the Feel condition indicated the facilitative effect of facial expression on the self-generation of emotion. Furthermore, the presence of autonomic changes and self-reported affect in the Show condition supports the sufficiency version of the facial feedback hypothesis. The self-generation method employed as an emotion elicitor was shown to reliably induce emotional reactions and is proposed as a useful technique for the elicitation of various emotional states in the laboratory.
27名女大学生完成了三项任务：（1）感受四种情绪（快乐、悲伤、愤怒、平静）；（2）表达这些情绪，而不试图去感受它们；（3）清晰地感受并表达这四种情绪。在每次试验中，受试者按下按钮以表明他们何时达到所需状态，并测量从情绪提示到按下按钮的延迟时间。在按下按钮前后以及每次试验前的基线期，记录15秒的心率、皮肤电导率和来自四个面部部位（额头、脸颊、下巴和嘴巴）的肌电图。每次试验后获取自我报告。在每个任务中，面部肌电图和自主唤醒模式在四种情绪之间存在差异。与“感受”条件相比，“感受并展示”条件下较短的自我产生延迟表明面部表情对情绪的自我产生具有促进作用。此外，“展示”条件下自主变化和自我报告情感的存在支持了面部反馈假设的充分性版本。所采用的作为情绪诱发器的自我产生方法被证明能可靠地诱发情绪反应，并被提议作为在实验室中诱发各种情绪状态的一种有用技术。
